A limit on the amount of money that can be charged or spent in connection with a particular activity. (Jason)
Example: The agreement of a price cap comes just days before an EU-wide ban on Russian crude oil imported by sea comes into force, also on 5 December.
en: Montant plafond.
(to run) Out of Business
Idiomatic expression
Having stopped operating as a business because there is no more money or work available. (Camille)
Example: Our shop was not successful enough, so we ended up running out of business.
en: Faire Faillite / Fermer Boutique / Mettre la clef sous la porte
(to) Fund
Verb
To provide with money for a particular purpose. (Camille)
Example: The grant will be used to fund an upgrade of the sports facilities.
en: Financer
a share
Noun
One of the equal parts that the ownership of a company is divided into, and that can be bought by members of the public (Violaine).
Example: Trading in the shares is due to start in Frankfurt on 29 September.
en: Une part
a strike
noun
A refusal to work organized by a body of employees as a form of protest, typically in an attempt to gain a concession or concessions from their employer. (Tigran)
Example: Therefore, the restrictions relating to the objectives of A STRIKE and to the methods used should be sufficiently reasonable as not to put excessive limitation in practice of the right to strike.
en: Une grève
Ad, Advert, Advertisement
Noun
A marketing communication that employs an openly sponsored, non-personal message to promote or sell a product, service or idea. (Camille)
Example: Thanks to our new advertisement, many investors have put their trust into our company.
en: Pub, Publicité
added value
noun
Added value refers to the increased utility of a product as it passes through different production stages. This can be in the form of extra features on a product or service to increase its perceived value for the customer. A business may use different ways to add value. (Tigran).
Example: However, if several customers chose the hotel because of this feature, it might become a driver, which differentiates the hotel product, and provides ADDED VALUE.
en: valeur ajoutée
Agenda
noun
List of items that have to be discussed in a meeting. (Khadidja)
Example: The company's budget is on the agenda for today's meeting.
en: Ordre du jour
Allay
Verb
To make a negative emotion less strong or a problem less difficult (Ophélia)
Example: The government is trying to allay public concern about the spread of the disease.
en: Apaiser
Allowance
Noun
Money that someone is given regularly by their employer or by the government to pay for a particular thing. (Nolwenn)
Example: Freezing allowances and bands for income tax (stealth taxes) or making changes to inheritance or capital gains tax would pull tens of billions of pounds out of the economy at a time when activities are already set to slump.
en: Indemnité
Amid, Amidst
Preposition
Surrounded by; in the middle of. (Mariana)
Example: How am I supposed to work amid all this noise?
en: Au milieu de, parmi
amortisation
noun
The gradual extinguishment or provision for extinguishment of a debt by serial redemption or sinking fund payments. (Ángel)
Example: Even so, AO said its sales were on track and that full-year profits would hit the top end of current guidance – £20m to £30m in adjusted Ebitda (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation).
en: amortisation
Anglosphere
Noun
English-speaking countries considered collectively (the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, and Ireland) (Mariana)
Example: Anglicization of family surnames occurred frequently among children of German citizens born in the anglosphere, notably to German immigrants in America.
en: Monde anglo-saxon, anglosphère
Assets
Noun
A thing of value, especially property, that a person or company owns, which can be used or sold to pay debts. (Camille)
Example: It is not clear that Banks would agree to sell their assets with these conditions.
en: Actifs
Astonishing
Adjective
Causing a feeling of great surprise or wonder. (Mariana)
Example: The children agreed that the trapeze act at the circus was the most astonishing thing they had ever seen.
en: Étonnant, stupéfiant
Auction
Noun
A public sale in which goods or property are sold to the person who offers the most money. (Alison)
Example: A $200m (£163m) superyacht owned by Viktor Medvedchuk, an oligarch and friend of Vladimir Putin who is under sanctions, is to be sold at auction after its seizure in Croatia earlier this year.
en: Vente aux enchères
Audit
noun
An official examination of business and financial records that is done to check that they are correct. (Khadidja)
Example: An internal audit was conducted by the company last week.
en: Audit / Contrôle
Australian financial services licence (AFSL)
noun
An AFS licence is required to conduct a financial services business. (Ángel)
Example: Dr Angel Zhong, an associate professor of finance at RMIT, said this was considered a “shortcut” to obtaining an AFSL, without the rigorous checks in place for otherwise obtaining a licence.
Automotive
Adjective
Used to refer to things relating to cars. (Mariana)
Example: The automotive industry made record profits last year.
en: Automobile
Balance sheet
Noun
A statement of the assets, liabilities, and capital of a business or other organization at a particular point in time, detailing the balance of income and expenditure over the preceding period. (Anna)
Example: Nike's annual balance sheet looks very promising.
en: Bilan
Bank balance
noun
The amount of money that is on a bank account. (Khadidja)
Example: If the company's bank balance is overdrawn, our account will be frozen.
en: Solde bancaire
Bank statement
noun
A report that details bank activity and transactions. (Khadidja)
Example: I read the bank statement the accounting department provided, and it showed that we didn't issue this cheque.
en: Relevé de compte
Bankrupt
Adjective
The state in which a person finds themselves when they are unable to pay back money they owe. (Camille)
Example: With all these student loans, I am going to end up bankrupt before I even start making decent money.
en: (être) en faillite
bankruptcy
noun
Bankruptcy is a legal proceeding initiated when a person or business is unable to repay outstanding debts or obligations.
The bankruptcy process begins with a petition filed by the debtor, which is most common, or on behalf of creditors, which is less common. All of the debtor's assets are measured and evaluated, and the assets may be used to repay a portion of the outstanding debt. (Ángel)
Example: The Australian Securities and Investments Commission last week suspended the Australian financial services licence (AFSL) for FTX Australia after it went into administration alongside its global parent company, which filed for bankruptcy in the US.
en: faillite
Bargaining
Noun
Discussions between people in order to reach agreement on something such as prices, wages or working conditions. (Alison)
Example: Workers have now made multiple complaints about Starbucks attorneys showing up to bargaining sessions and then leaving before any bargaining could begin.
en: Négociation
Be tight-lipped
verb
Refusing to say very much about something. (Ophélia)
Example: He has been tight-lipped about his personal wealth.
en: Rester discret
Belated
Adjective
Coming later than expected (Violaine).
Example: a belated but sensible move
en: Tardif, tardive
Benchmark
noun
Used as a standard when comparing other things. (Jean-Noël)
Example: Mortgage rates have been rising ever since the Bank of England began a series of seven consecutive rises in the Bank rate - the benchmark figure of interest rates.
en: Référence
Benefit
Noun
The money given by the government to people who need financial help, for example because they cannot find a job. (Adrian)
Example: That brings in more money through taxes, reduces spending on benefits and would shrink the debt compared with the size of the UK's income.
en: Allocation
Bid
Noun
An offer of a particular amount of money for something that is for sale (Violaine).
Example: Kwasi Kwarteng will bring forward his plan for balancing the government's finances by almost a month to 31 October, in a bid to reassure markets.
en: Offre
Bill
noun
A request for payment of money owed, or the piece of paper on which it is written. (Jean-Noël)
Example: "I'm currently in between jobs and so I'm struggling to pay my bills and so it would have been a real help. I'm just a little bit frustrated that my energy company has taken the money from the government but not passed it through to me."
en: Facture
blip
noun
A sudden small movement up and then down, or down and then up. (Àngel)
Example: For Margaret Macmillan, this is not just another political blip
en: petite anomalie passagère
blockchain
noun
a system in which a record of transactions made in bitcoin or another cryptocurrency are maintained across several computers that are linked in a peer-to-peer network. (Ángel)
Example: “Smart contract” is a term used to describe computer code that automatically executes all or parts of an agreement. It is usually stored on a blockchain-based platform.
en: chaîne de blocs
Blue sky thinking
Noun
Brainstorming with no limits, having creative ideas regardless of practical contraints. (Anna)
Example: Today's assignment is to make blue sky thinking our new way of thinking!
en: Pensée créative, pensée sans limite
Blue-chip stock
Noun
Shares of very large and well-recognised companies with a long history of sound financial performance. (Anna)
Example: Amazon or Apple are some of the most famous blue-chip stocks.
en: Action de premier ordre
Board (of directors)
Noun
The group of people who shareholders choose to manage a company or organization. (Adrian)
Example: The lawsuit says that Tesla's board was too closely tied to Mr Musk to be considered independent, being filled with the entrepreneur's friends and his brother.
en: Conseil d'administration
Bolster [sth]
Verb
To support or improve something or make it stronger. (Mariana)
Example: Many office workers use cushions to bolster their backs while sitting at their desks.
en: Soutenir, renforcer.
Bond
Noun
An official paper given by the government or a company to show that you have lent them money that they will pay back to you at a particular interest rate. (Adrian)
Example: The Bank of England was then running its own support programme - quantitative easing - which ultimately involved buying many bonds.
en: Obligation
Bond
Noun
an agreement with legal force.
a security issued as a debt to the holder, which accrues interest and must be repaid by a certain date.
(Mariia)
Example: Money that she had invested in stocks and bonds.
en: obligation
Bonus
Noun
An extra amount of money given to someone as a reward for work. (Alison)
Example: The John Lewis Partnership, which reported a first-half loss of £99m and warned that a tough run-up to Christmas could put its annual staff bonus at risk this year, said the move into the rental market would provide “a stable income for the partnership”.
en: Prime
Booking
Noun
An arrangement to have a place on a flight, a room in a hotel, etc. at a particular time in the future. (Jason)
Example: Simon Emeny also warned that staff who rely on hours and tips over Christmas could suffer if there is a wave of cancelled bookings.
en: Réservation
Bottleneck
Noun
a problem that delays progress (Aleksandra)
Example: Is there any way of getting around this bureaucratic bottleneck?
Production problems have cosed a bottleneck.
en: un blocage, un problème
Brand awareness
Noun
The extent to which consumers are familiar with the qualities or image of a particular brand of goods or services. (Anna)
Example: Brands like Nike or Adidas have achieved a huge brand awareness with their logos.
en: Notoriété d'une marque
Breach of contract
Noun
An unjustifiable failure to perform terms of a contract. (Alison)
Example: The decision there was that industrial action in that context included any action, be it in breach of contract or not.
en: Rupture de contrat
Break even
Verb
To earn enough money to pay for expenses, without any profit. (Alison)
Example: After three years in business, they are finally breaking even.
en: Atteindre le seuil de rentabilité
Break-even point
Noun
The point at which a business starts to make as much money as it has spent on a particular product or activity. (Alison)
Example: We have calculated that our break-even point would be 9,000 units sold.
en: Seuil de rentabilité/ Point mort
Bribe
Noun
The act of giving someone money or something else of value, often illegally, to persuade that person to do something you want. (Jason)
Example: In May, the US Department of Justice said that Glencore had admitted to corruptly conspiring to pay around $27.5m to third parties to secure "improper business advantages" in DRC, while "intending a portion of the payments to be used as bribes".
en: Pot-de-vin
Broker
noun
A broker is a person or firm who arranges transactions between a buyer and a seller for a commission when the deal is executed. (Jean-Noël)
Example: Brokers say there is still money available for mortgage providers to lend, but the days of ultra-low rates - typical of the last decade - have quickly disappeared.
en: Courtier
Broker
A person or a company that buys and sells shares, bonds, currencies, insurance, etc. for other people or organizations. (Jason)
Example: I told my broker to sell the stock.
en: Courtier
Brokerage
Noun
An organization that buys and sells foreign money, shares in companies, etc. for other people (Violaine).
Example: (...), said Clifford Bennett, chief economist at ACY Securities, an Australian brokerage firm.
en: Courtage
Bubble
Noun
A temporary period of very successful economic performance in a particular country or sector, often followed by sudden failure. (Nolwenn)
Example: This may be triggered by various events, such as a financial crisis, an external trade shock, an adverse supply shock, the bursting of an economic bubble, or a large-scale anthropogenic or natural disaster.
en: Bulle spéculative
Budget
Noun
The amount of money a company or organisation have available to spend. (Nolwenn)
Example: September's mini-budget caused market uproar as investors feared the largest tax cuts for 50 years would leave the UK at risk of borrowing more than they were comfortable with, and also push up inflation.
en: Budget
Bullish sentiment
the feeling there will be a rise in prices or values (optimistic) (Mariia)
Example: Notwithstanding the growing chorus of bullish sentiment, debate remains as to how "real" the economic recovery is.
en: sentiment haussier
Business
Noun
The activity of making, buying, selling or supplying goods or services for money. (Camille)
Example: It is a pleasure doing business with you.
en: Affaires
business performance
noun
Business performance, which is closely tied to commercial effectiveness, is determined by the ability of a company to implement optimal organisation with the aim of offering a product or service that meets the expectations of consumers and customers. (Àngel)
Example: they’re investment in business performance tools, and so they need [information technology] workers.”
en: rendement des affaires
business rate
noun
the rate of interest that banks charge businesses for borrowing money: (Ángel)
Example: On business rates in England, Hunt did well. He pulled on all the main levers to give high streets some help: he froze the multiplier;
en: tarif affaires
Business venture
Noun
A new business or business activity, especially one that involves risk. (Alison)
Example: For any new business venture, there needs to be a good plan.
en: Jeune entreprise
capital
noun
Wealth in the form of money or other assets owned by a person or organization or available for a purpose such as starting a company or investing. (Tigran).
Example: Following on from these main methods, which are part of the initial review, I will also look at departmental budgets, such as those given to my dairy unit, or to my arable unit and I will then consolidate these into operational, and CAPITAL budget summaries.
en: capitaux
Capitalism
Noun
An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. (Camille)
Example: Furthermore, we do not believe to any degree that capitalism can work in a transparent and equitable fashion.
en: Capitalisme
Cash cow
a product or service that makes a lot of money over a long period of time for the company that sells it, often money that is used to support the company's other activities. (Aleksandra)
Example: Their hair products are cash cow.
en: une vache à lait
Cash-strapped
Adjective
Not having enough money. (Valentin)
Example: Working during study is a fact of life for most cash-strapped students.
en: À court d'argent.
Central bank
Noun
A bank that provides services to a national government, puts the official financial plans of that government into operation, and controls the amount of money in the economy. (Valentin)
Example: Following the realization of liquidity shocks, a borrowing bank reports to the central bank.
en: Banque centrale
Chairman / chairwoman / chairperson
noun
A person who is in charge of a large company, especially the chairman of the board. (Nolwenn)
Example: The 54-year-old has been vice chairman of Samsung Electronics, the crown jewel of South Korea's biggest business conglomerate, since 2012.
en: Président(e)
Chief executive
Noun
The person with the most important position in a company or organization. (Alison)
Example: Bjarni Ármannsson, Iceland Seafood’s chief executive, said the company had been hit by a lack of cold storage.
en: Directeur général
Clamor
Noun
To make a loud complaint or demand. (Mariana)
Example: There was a clamor among the protesters when the police threatened to arrest all of them.
en: Clameur
Close a deal
Verb
To sign or to complete a business negotiation or contract. (Anna)
Example: We've managed to close a deal with Amazon to sell our products on their website.
en: Conclure un marché
Commission
noun
Money that is given to a sales person for selling a certain number of goods. (Khadidja)
Example: Because she made a lot of sales last month, she got a large commission on top of her fixed salary.
en: Commission
commitment
Noun
Willingness to give your time and energy to a job, activity, or something that you believe in (Violaine).
Example: We are now in the home stretch with the IPO plans for Porsche and welcome the commitment of our cornerstone investors.
en: Engagement
Commodity
Noun
A substance or a product that can be traded in large quantities, such as oil, metals, grain, coffee, etc. (Jason)
Example: Some of the issues at stake are financial sustainability, high unemployment and the unpredictability of global commodity prices.
en: Matière première
Commonplace
Adjective
Happening often or often seen or experienced and so not considered to be special. (Mariana)
Example: These days it is commonplace to record one's life in a blog.
en: Banal, ordinaire
Competition
In economics refers to a market in which there is more than one firm, each fighting to be at the top. (Emile)
en: La concurrence
compliance
the act of obeying an order, rule, or request (Aleksandra)
Example: The company said that it had always acted in compliance with environmental laws.
en: conformité
conference call
noun
A conference call is a telephone call in which someone talks to several people at the same time. (Tigran).
Example: Conference calls have reduced the need for business travel.
en: conférence téléphonique
Conflict of interest
Noun
A situation in which someone cannot make a fair decision because they will be personally affected by the result. (Jason)
Example: Board members are required to declare a conflict of interest in the case of any contract that benefits that member's family.
en: Conflit d'intérêts
consumer price index
noun
Index weighed up in accordance with the consumption carried out by an average family unit and which measures the general level of prices of said average consumption in a given moment as compared to a previous period. (Ángel)
Example: Important reads on inflation (both the producer price index and consumer price index) will be released before the Fed meets again.
en: indice des prix à la consommation
Consumerism
Noun
A social and economic order that encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-increasing amounts. (Camille)
Example: The model remains essentially focused on consumerism and an unregulated market rather than on accepted criteria of solidarity and participation.
en: Consumérisme
Containment measures
Noun
Steps put in place to contain the spread of viruses or bacteria. (Ophélia)
Example: During COVID-19, containment measures have been put in place in most countries.
en: Mesures de prévention
Conundrum
Noun
A problem that is difficult to deal with. (Ophélia)
Example: Arranging childcare over the school holidays can be a real conundrum for working parents
en: Problème / Dilemme
Cook the books
to change numbers dishonestly in the accounts (= financial records) of an organization, especially in order to steal money from it (Aleksandra)
Example: Politicians cook their books before election time.
en: maquiller les comptes
Cope with [sth/sb]
vtr phrasal insep
To deal successfully with a difficult situation. (Mariana)
Example: It is astonishing the way she manages to raise a family, do a full-time job and cope with a bed-ridden mother, all at the same time.
en: Gérer, s'occuper de
core business
noun
The business activity that is main source of a company's profits and success, usually the activity that the company was originally set up to carry out. (Tigran)
Example: They have new prospects in America and by concentrating on their CORE BUSINESS they will be successful for more years to come.
en: cœur de métier
cornerstone
Noun
Something of great importance that everything else depends on (Violaine).
Example: We are now in the home stretch with the IPO plans for Porsche and welcome the commitment of our cornerstone investors.
en: Pierre angulaire
Cost of living
noun
The amount of money that people need to spend in order to buy basic goods or services such as food, clothes, and a place to live. (Jean-Noël)
Example: It comes as people cut back on purchases as the cost of living rises.
en: Coût de la vie
Creditor
Noun
A person or company to whom money is owing. (Anna)
Example: Don't forget to pay your creditors or the consequences will be terrible.
en: Créancier, créancière
Crowdfunding
Noun
The practice of funding a project or venture by raising money from a large number of people who each contribute a relatively small amount, typically via the internet. (Anna)
Example: They raised money for their campaign through crowdfunding.
en: Financement participatif
Cryptocurrency
Noun
Any system of electronic money, used for buying and selling online and without the need for a central bank. (Adrian)
Example: Since the 30-year-old's cryptocurrency empire collapsed this week in dramatic fashion, another anecdote about his gaming has resurfaced online.
en: Cybermonnaie (France Terme)
Currency Market
Noun
Over-the-counter market in which different currencies are exchanged, it also determines foreign exchange rates. (Emile)
en: Marché des changes
Custom duty / Custom tax
noun
Money paid to move merchandise outside of international borders. (Khadidja)
Example: The custom duty on imported coffee increased since last year.
en: Droits de douane
Daunting
Adjective
Making you feel slightly frightened or worried about your ability to achieve something. (Mariana)
Example: Attending a job interview can be daunting.
en: Intimidant
Dearth
noun
An amount or supply that is not large enough (Ophélia)
Example: There is a dearth of truckers
en: un manque
Debt
Noun
A sum of money that is owed or due. (Camille)
Example: I repaid my debt to the bank.
en: Dette
Debt ceiling
phrase
It is the upper limit on the total outstanding public debt of a country, state, or municipality, usually expressed as an absolute sum. (Ophélia)
en: Plafonnement de la dette
digital strategy
noun
In essence, the term refers to a plan that employs digital initiatives to achieve company goals. Seemingly simple, a digital business strategy is anything but, and requires expertise and experience to implement successfully. (Tigran).
Example: Digital strategy involves the use of new technologies to maximise a company’s competitive advantage.
en: stratégie numérique
Digraph
Noun
A group of two successive letters whose phonetic value is a single sound (such as ea in bread or ng in sing) or whose value is not the sum of a value borne by each in other occurrences (such as ch in chin where the value is \t\ + \sh\) (Mariana)
Example: To construct a vowel progression theme, the constructor develops a set of phrases in which the last word of each entry starts with the same letter or digraph — in this case, PR — and ends with one of the vowel sounds.
en: Digramme
Dip
Verb
To go down to a lower level (Violaine).
Example: China's Shanghai Composite Index dipped 0.1%.
en: Diminuer
Disparity
Noun
a lack of equality or similarity, especially in a way that is not fair. (Mariia)
Example: The growing disparity between rich and poor. (Mariia)
en: disparité (f)
Diversification
Noun
The process of starting to make new products or offer new services. (Alison)
Example: Our market diversification efforts are taking off and we are seeing opportunities develop not only in rail markets but in adjacent sectors too.
en: Diversification
Dividend
Noun
The profit of a company that is paid to the people who own shares in it. (Alison)
Example: As director and principal shareholder, he receives a substantial annual dividend from the company.
en: Dividende
Double down
Verb
Strengthen one's commitment to a particular strategy or course of action, typically one that is potentially risky (Violaine).
Example: Kwarteng doubled down at the weekend, hinting in TV interviews Sunday of more tax cuts to come, saying Friday's measures were "just the start" as the government goes all out for growth.
en: Renchérir
Down payment
noun
An amount of money given as the first part of a larger payment. (Khadidja)
Example: According to this document, the client made a down payment before paying the rest of the items a month later.
en: Accompte
Downside
Noun
Decline (Violaine).
Example: Should there be any escalation to the war in Ukraine ... we would see further sharp downside in the Pound as well as the Euro.
en: Baisse
Downturn
Noun
a reduction in the amount or success of something, such as a country's economic activity. (Mariia)
Example: There is evidence of a downturn in the housing market.
en: récession (f)
Downturn
noun
A decline in economic, business, or other activity. (Jean-Noël)
Example: Pension funds, which invest in bonds, were forced to start selling, sparking fears of a fresh market downturn.
en: Baisse
Draft
Noun
A written order for money to be paid by a bank, especially to another bank (Violaine).
Example: His refusal to publish a draft report by the Office for Budget Responsibility to accompany the mini-budget on 23 September also rattled markets and some MPs.
en: Traite, lettre de change
Dwell
Verb
To live in a place or in a particular way. (Mariana)
Example: She dwelt in remote parts of Asia for many years.
en: Demeurer, habiter, résider
e-commerce
Noun
The buying and selling of information, products and services via the Internet. (Alison)
Example: Amazon and other tech firms significantly ramped up hiring over the past couple of years as the pandemic shifted consumers’ habits towards e-commerce.
en: Commerce en ligne
Economic Meltdown
Refers to a variety of bad economic conditions, such as economic depression, high unemployment, or hyperinflation. (Emile)
en: Effondrement économique
economic recovery
noun
Economic recovery is the business cycle stage following a recession that is characterized by a sustained period of improving business activity. Normally, during an economic recovery, gross domestic product (GDP) grows, incomes rise, and unemployment falls as the economy rebounds. (Ángel)
Example: He added: “Aviation is wholly linked to GDP. We have to have an open conversation: how are we going to solve the Brexit-related disruption? If you look at the economic recovery in the EU, they’re much further ahead of the UK. Nobody’s going to be able to say that’s not due to Brexit.”
en: relance économique
economies of scale
noun
A proportionate saving in costs gained by an increased level of production. (Tigran)
Example: Due to their size, the "big four" further enjoy ECONOMIES OF SCALE and can fend off decreasing returns to scale for longer than independent labels.
en: économies d'échelle
Economist
Noun
Someone whose work is to study the way in which economies work, or who studies developments within a particular economy. (Nolwenn)
Example: A group of economists has questioned UK assertions that a "black hole" in the public finances will need to be filled with austerity measures and tax rises.
en: Économiste
Ellipsis
Noun
Omission of a word or phrase which is expected and predictable. (Mariana)
Example: When a quotation is presented as a single sentence made up of material from two or more original sentences, ellipses should be used for all omitted segments.
en: Ellipse
emerging markets
noun
An emerging market is a market that has some characteristics of a developed market, but does not fully meet its standards. This includes markets that may become developed markets in the future or were in the past. (Tigran)
Example: Furthermore, in 2007 Bodycote planned to "invest approximately £12 m in heat treatment and testing Greenfield start-ups" in EMERGING MARKETS" (Brazil, Mexico, Turkey, India, China).
en: les marchés émergents
Employer
noun
A person or organization that employs people. (Tigran)
Example: An employee who is dismissed for taking 'unofficial' industrial action will not generally be able to claim unfair dismissal, regardless of whether the EMPLOYER has committed discrimination by selective dismissal or re-engagement.
en: Employeur/Employeuse
Emporium
Noun
A place of trade, a retail outlet or a store carrying many different kinds of merchandise. (Jason)
Example: Western Europe was the primary emporium of globalization.
en: Emporium
Endeavor (US), endeavour (UK)
Noun
An attempt to do something. (Mariana)
Example: Science is one of humanity's greatest endeavors.
en: Entreprise
Endowment
Noun
money that is given to a college, hospital, etc. in order to provide it with an income, or the giving of this money (Mariia)
Example: The school has received an endowment of $50,000 to buy new books for the library.
en: fonds de dotation
Energy provider
noun
A company that supplies electricity, gas, etc. to homes and businesses. (Jean-Noël)
Example: "Well, my energy contract is with my energy provider, not the postal company," adds Emma.
en: Fournisseur d'énergie
Energy watchdog
noun
An organization responsible for making sure that companies that supply energy obey particular standards and do not act illegally. (Jean-Noël)
en: Organisation de surveillance de l'énergie
entrepreneur
noun
1. a person who sets up a business or businesses, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit. 2. a promoter in the entertainment industry. (Tigran).
Example: However, by including an experienced ENTREPRENEUR as a part-time director in early-stage development, a firm can gain credibility and trust since this will provide access to their extensive network of contacts.
en: chef d'entreprise
equity holdings
noun
equity holding means a holding of the capital in a body of persons when the holding entitles the holder to a right to vote, to profits available for distribution and to assets available for distribution on a winding up of that company (Ángel)
Example: But average US investors typically have a much larger share of their equity holdings in US companies, and very little in foreign stocks.
en: avoirs en actions
Equity markets
Noun
The buying and selling of shares. (Mariia)
Example: New figures released today show that private investors are flocking back to the equity market. (Mariia)
en: marché des actions; marché des fonds propres
Establish (oneself)
Verb
To reach a successful position over a period of time. (Jason)
Example: The company quickly established itself as a recognized global brand.
en: S'établir
excess return
noun
Excess returns are the return earned by a stock (or portfolio of stocks) and the risk free rate, which is usually estimated using the most recent short-term government treasury bill. (Ángel)
Example: The government has curbed profits on North Sea oil and gas producers and introduced a levy on “excess returns” made by electricity generators including windfarms and nuclear power plants.
en: rendement excédentaire
Exchange rate
The rate at which one currency will exchanged for another. A way of determining the value of one currency to another. (Emile)
en: Taux de change
exit strategy
noun
A pre-planned means of extricating oneself from a situation that is likely to become difficult or unpleasant. (Tigran)
Example: This would provide an easier EXIT STRATEGY and easier start-up.
en: stratégie de sortie
export
verb
Send (goods or services) to another country for sale. (Tigran)
Example: Due to lack of adequate policy instruments and facing the UE competition Poland failed to fulfill the quota of its EXPORT to EU markets, and never exceeded 80% of what it was allowed to EXPORT.
en: exporter
Financial accountability
Noun
Responsibility for the way money is used and managed. (Jason)
Example: The budget is an important part of financial accountability and the final accounts often include budgetary information.
en: Responsabilité financière
Financial incentive
noun
A financial incentive is money that a person, company, or organization offers to encourage certain behaviors or actions. (Jean-Noël)
Example: The financial incentive has now gone up and he adds: "I would still do it anyway, for the sake of me turning off my energy so others who desperately need it don't have to experience blackouts."
en: Incitation financière
Fine
Noun
An amount of money that someone has to pay as a punishment for not obeying a law or rule. (Jason)
Example: Bank officers said the decision to pay the fine would not affect its plans to pay off the loans within two years.
en: Amende
Flotation
noun
The process by which a company goes public by selling shares for the first time. (Khadidja)
Example: The shareholders will be pleased to know that the company made a lot of progress since flotation.
en: Entrée en bourse
Foregone earnings
Noun
The difference between earnings actually achieved and those that could have been obtained had circumstances and choices been different. (Alison)
Example: Foregone earnings are highlighted so that investors can make informed decisions on their investment alternatives and to ensure they seek out investments that maximize returns by minimizing investment costs or foregone earnings.
en: Manque à gagner
Foreign exchange reserves
Assets (cash, gold, etc.) that are held by a central bank in order to influence monetary policy, and influence foreign exchange rate. (Emile)
en: Réserves de change
Forthcoming
adjective
Something that will be happening soon (Ophélia)
Example: If forthcoming summits are to be successful, participants must accept that the days when one or two powers could impose their will on the rest are over.
en: à venir
Freight
Noun
The movement of goods by lorries, trains, ships, or aeroplanes. (Mariana)
Example: The ship carried freight across the Atlantic.
en: fret, chargement
futures
noun
Contracts for assets (especially commodities or shares) bought at agreed prices but delivered and paid for later. (Tigran)
Example: The internationalisation of capital flows gave rise to other transactions based on currency exchanges and new financial products were placed on the market, such as commodity FUTURES and derivatives.
en: contrats à terme
Gamble
Noun
A risk that might result in loss of money or failure (Violaine).
Example: But the pound is suffering more than most due to the economic outlook in the United Kingdom, which faces the highest inflation among G7 nations, and the government's huge fiscal gamble on growth.
en: Entreprise risquée
GDP
noun
Gross domestic product. (Tigran)
Example: Initial GDP and Growth - Convergence To test for the empirics of economic growth theory, I have chosen - as several others - to use a cross-sectional sample of countries over a time period of seven years from 1994 to 2000.
en: PIB
gig economy
noun
A labour market characterized by the prevalence of short-term contracts or freelance work as opposed to permanent jobs. (Tigran)
Example: In a gig economy, employees are paid for the “gigs” that they do, such as couriers for delivery companies.
en: 1.économie à la demande 2. économie de petits boulots
Go all out
Verbal expression
To put all your energy or enthusiasm into what you are doing (Violaine).
Example: Kwarteng doubled down at the weekend, hinting in TV interviews Sunday of more tax cuts to come, saying Friday's measures were "just the start" as the government goes all out for growth.
en: Donner tout ce qu'on a
go into administration
verb
Going into administration is when a company becomes insolvent and is put under the management of Licensed Insolvency Practitioners. The directors and the secured lenders can appoint administrators through a court process in order to protect the company and their position as much as possible. (Tigran)
Example: The company has gone into administration as it is unable to pay back its debts.
en: placée sous administration judiciaire
go public
verb
Become a public company. (Tigran)
Example: Many private companies go public by selling shares on the stock exchange.
en: devenir publique
Government bond
noun
A government bond or sovereign bond is a form of bond issued by a government to support public spending. It generally includes a commitment to pay periodic interest, called coupon payments, and to repay the face value on the maturity date. (Jean-Noël)
Example: Public debate may also be a useful forum to discuss the futures and ethics of such technological advances, together with greater surveillance of illegal research practices.
en: Emprunt d'Etat
Grant
Noun
An amount of money that is given to a person or an organization for a special purpose, especially by a government. (Jason)
Example: The company received a $10,000 grant for software development.
en: Subvention, Bourse
Haggle
Verb
To argue about the price of something in an attempt to make the seller reduce it. (Alison)
Example: Michelle Bailey, who writes the Time and Pence blog, haggled £600 off the price of new windows and doors by speaking to several firms and seeing what prices they charged.
en: Marchander
Hassle-free
Adjective
Without problems or bother. (Mariana)
Example: Travelling by coach is the hassle-free way of discovering cities from Vienna to Vancouver, Moscow to Rome.
en: Sans soucis, sans tracas, sans problèmes
Haulage industry
noun
The business of moving things by road or railway (Ophélia)
Example: “We are short of 100,000 lorry drivers in Germany,” worries Dirk Engelhardt, head of the bgl, a haulage-industry association.
en: L'industrie du transport
Haven
Noun
A safe or peaceful place (Violaine).
Example: The pound has been hammered by a string of weak economic data, but also the steep ascent of the US dollar, a safe haven investment that sees inflows in times of uncertainty.
en: Refuge
Headquarters
Noun
A company's principal or main office or centre of control. (Anna)
Example: Snowleader's headquarters is in Annecy, France.
en: Siège, siège social
hedge fund
noun
an offshore investment fund, typically formed as a private limited partnership, that engages in speculation using credit or borrowed capital. (Ángel)
Example: Gravante also found himself representing Joe Biden’s brother James and son Hunter in a lawsuit over their purchase of a hedge fund in 2006.
en: fonds de couverture
hike
Noun
An increase in the cost of something, especially a large or unwanted increase (Violaine).
Example: The deal comes even as relatively few companies have listed shares in Europe this year as the region faces an energy crisis, high inflation and rate hikes.
en: Augmentation
Hint
Verb
Something that you say or do that shows what you think or want, usually in a way that is not direct (Violaine).
Example: Kwarteng doubled down at the weekend, hinting in TV interviews Sunday of more tax cuts to come, saying Friday's measures were "just the start" as the government goes all out for growth.
en: Laisser entendre
Hodgepodge
Noun
An untidy mixture of different types of things. (Mariana)
Example: Rudolph's art collection was a hodgepodge of classic and modern pieces.
en: Méli-mélo, fatras
home stretch
Noun
The last part of something that is being done (Violaine).
Example: We are now in the home stretch with the IPO plans for Porsche and welcome the commitment of our cornerstone investors.
en: La dernière ligne droite
hostile takeover
phrase
A hostile takeover is when a company or activist shareholder tries to gain control of a target company by sidestepping the company's management and board of directors, and going directly to its shareholders. (Tigran)
Example: HOSTILE TAKEOVER occurs when a group of investors purchases a controlling interest in a company against the management's wishes and advice to the current stockholders Next we will examine the antithesis to the proposition put forth in the question.
en: prise de contrôle hostile
Housing
Noun
Houses and flats considered collectively. (Mariana)
Example: It's important that the government helps refugees find housing.
en: Logement
IMF (International Monetary Fund)
noun
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution, headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of 190 countries. Its stated mission is "working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world." (Jean-Noël)
Example: This is an exceptionally blunt warning from the IMF, indicating that Kwasi Kwarteng's £45bn mini-Budget spree may not only have been ill-judged and risks sharper rate rises - but could also increase income inequality. (Jean-Noël)
en: FMI (le Fonds Monétaire International)
impact
noun
1. a marked effect or influence. 2. the action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another. (Tigran).
Example: The Science Council is vital to ensure the relevance of CGIAR supported research, enhance its quality, assess its IMPACT and help to mobilize global scientific expertise.
en: impact
import
verb
To buy or bring in products from another country. (Tigran)
Example: This in turn would make price fluctuations in commodity markets less detrimental to the IMPORT capacity and the planning conditions in the countries concerned.
en: importer
Inbound
Adjective
Travelling towards a particular point. (Mariana)
Example: The inbound data is queued up and will process overnight.
en: Entrant
Incentive
Noun
Something that encourages someone to do something. (Ophélia)
Example: Tax incentives have been very effective in encouraging people to save and invest more of their income.
en: Incitation
Income
Noun
Money that is earned from doing work or received from investments. (Adrian)
Example: At present, people pay 40% income tax on earnings above £50,270 (the rate is different in Scotland).
en: Revenu
Incur
Verb
To sustain losses. (Alison)
Example: Taxpayers will be saved from millions – even billions – of costs that could have been incurred if the process was dragged out.
en: Subir (une perte)
Inflation
Noun
An increase in prices over time, causing a reduction in the value of money. (Nolwenn)
Example: The cost of living is soaring. Inflation - the rate prices are increasing by - rose by 11.1% in October.
en: Inflation
Insolvency
Noun
When a company becomes unable to pay off its creditors, or when its liabilities are higher than its assets. (Alison)
Example: A growing number of companies in the country are affected by insolvency and redundancy.
en: Insolvabilité
insourcing
noun
The practice of using an organization's own personnel or other resources to accomplish a task that was previously outsourced. (Tigran)
Example: Outsourcing or INSOURCING can encompass a wide range, from a particular project to a functional area to all activities.
en: internalisation
Instalment
Noun
One of a number of parts into which an amount of money that is owed has been divided. Payments are made regularly until the total amount has been paid back. (Alison)
Example: Small shareholders were often given the opportunity to pay by instalment.
en: Acompte
insulate
Verb
to place in a detached situation : ISOLATE (Mariia)
Example: the US director of national intelligence, indicated Putin was no longer as insulated from bad news about the conditions facing his invasion of Ukraine as he was earlier in the campaign.
en: isoler
Interest rates
Noun
The interest percent that a bank or other financial company charges you when you borrow money, or the interest percent it pays you when you keep money in an account (Violaine).
Example: The Bank's Monetary Policy Committee is widely expected to raise interest rates for the eighth time since last December with many economists forecasting a sharper rise than previous increases.
en: Taux d'intérêt
International Law
Noun
A system of rules that is established by international agreement between countries. (Camille)
Example: In accordance with international law, a failure to act in good faith to take such steps amounts to a violation of the right.
en: Droit International
Invest
Verb
To put (money) into financial schemes, shares, property, or a commercial venture with the expectation of achieving a profit. (Anna)
Example: It's very important for companies to invest in qualified employees.
en: Investir
investment risk
noun
the probability or likelihood of occurrence of losses relative to the expected return on any particular investment. (Ángel)
Example: nuclear, renewables and biomass firms (or those not on contracts-for-difference arrangements) are enjoying massively outsized returns versus their investment risk thanks to a “made-in-Russia energy crisis”
en: risque d'investissement
Investor
Noun
A person or organization that puts money into financial schemes or even property with the expectation of achieving a profit. (Camille)
Example: The investor bought shares in the company.
en: Investisseur
Investor
noun
A person who puts money into something in order to make a profit or get an advantage. (Jean-Noël)
Example: Ministers are funding the investment bank with £2bn over ten years, to invest in projects where private sector investors are reluctant to commit funds without a public sector partner taking a leading role.
en: Investisseur, investisseuse
IOU
Noun
I owe you: a written promise to pay back a debt. (Adrian)
Example: The government can raise enough money to fund its spending by borrowing on financial markets via bonds, which are essentially IOUs
en: Reconnaissance de dette
Jitter
Noun
slight uncontrolled movement or shaking, for example in electronic equipment. (Mariia)
Example: Financial jitters / You may notice jitter on the screen. / Aircraft jitter
en: perturbation (f), instabilité de phase; scintillement (m);
Jobseeker
Noun
An unemployed person who is effectively looking for work. (Alison)
Example: The shortage of drivers will be harder to solve. A first step would be to make becoming a driver easier and cheaper: getting an HDV licence in Germany takes three years and costs up to €13,000, a big hurdle for most jobseekers.
en: Demandeur d'emploi
Joint venture
Noun
A business arrangement between two or more companies/people. These companies/people are coming together and pooling their resources to complete a specific task. They have joint ownership and therefore share costs, losses, and profits. The purpose is to attain a competitive edge while minimizing risk. (Alison)
Example: The clothing, food and homewares retailer said sales rose 8.8% to £5.6bn in the six months to 1 October but underlying pre-tax profits sank 23.7% to £205.5m as its Ocado online grocery joint venture fell into the red, it pulled out of Russia and held off passing on cost rises to customers.
en: Entreprise commune
Labor union / Trade union
noun
An organization of workers that protect their rights and interests. (Khadidja)
Example: The labor union announced a strike and demanded an increase in wages.
en: Syndicat
Lambast
Verb
To criticize someone or something severely (Violaine).
Example: The new tax-slashing fiscal measures, which include scrapping plans for an increase in corporation tax and slashing the top rate of income tax, have been criticized as "trickle-down economics" by the opposition Labour Party and even lambasted by members of the Chancellor's own Conservative party.
en: Descendre en flammes
Lay off
an occasion when a company stops employing someone, sometimes temporarily, because the company does not have enough money or enough work. (Aleksandra)
Example: The plant has to lay off 200 workers.
en: licencier
Leaflet
Noun
A printed sheet of paper containing information or advertising and usually distributed free. (Mariana)
Example: Protesters were handing out leaflets condemning the government's environmental policies.
en: prospectus, brochure, dépliant
Lender
Noun
Someone or something that lends money, especially a large financial organization such as a bank. (Valentin)
Example: The smaller local lenders charge high interest rates.
en: Organisme de prêt/prêteur.
lending rate
noun
the rate of interest charged by a financial institution for lending money. (Àngel)
Example: Still, that might not bring much solace to the Fed, which has raised its benchmark lending rate by 3.75 percentage points this year
en: taux débiteur
Levy
Verb
To demand an amount of money, such as a tax, from a person or organization. (Alison)
Example: Mr Musk accused Apple of "censorship" and criticised its policies, including the charge it levies on purchases made on its app store.
en: Prélever/taxer
Liability
Noun
The legal debts of a business which has been acquired through the course of its operations. (Alison)
Example: Both the assets and the liabilities of the personal sector have been rising rapidly over the past ten years.
en: Passif/dette
Loan
Noun
A sum of money which is borrowed and is expected to be paid back with interest. (Camille)
Example: He needs a loan to buy a new car.
en: Emprunt
looming (business)
adjective
(of something unwanted or unpleasant) about to happen soon and causing worry. (Mariia)
en: menacé
Lucrative
adjective
Something that generates money, that is profitable, or that makes a large profit. (Khadidja)
Example: This lucrative contract made the company's profits increase.
en: Lucratif
macroeconomics
noun
The branch of economics concerned with large-scale or general economic factors, such as interest rates and national productivity. (Tigran).
Example: This debate must be distinguished from Keynesian demand-side MACROECONOMICS, which is more agreed upon.
en: macroéconomie
Margin
Noun
The profit made on a product or service. (Alison)
Example: If a company produces a gross profit of £1m on turnover (sales) of £10m its profit margin is 10%.
en: Marge
market cap
noun
The total value of all of a firm's outstanding shares, calculated by multiplying the market price per share times the total number of shares outstanding.(Ángel)
Example: You could buy Centrica (market cap £5.1bn) for less.
en: capitalisation boursière
Marketing
Noun
The action or business of promoting and selling products or services, including market research and advertising. (Camille)
Example: Existing models of advocacy could be developed and applied to social marketing campaigns for arts education.
en: Marketing
material cost
noun
Material cost is the cost of materials used to manufacture a product or provide a service. (Àngel)
en: coût materiel
Maternity leave
Noun
Period of absence from work (for a woman) when having a baby. (Anna)
Example: Mary has not been paid during her maternity leave and that's why she sued her company.
en: Congé de maternité
Memo
noun
a short official note to another person in the same company or organization (Aleksandra)
Example: I sent him a memo reminding him about the meeting.
en: une note officiele qu'on envoie à un collegue
merge
verb
Combine or cause to combine to form a single entity. (Tigran).
Example: Falling prices are thus increasingly forcing suppliers to take losses, and to either desert the music industry in the long run, or MERGE with other producers to cut costs.
en: fusionner
Merger
Noun
The combining of two or more companies or organizations into one. (Alison)
Example: The boards finally approved the merger between the two energy groups.
en: Fusion
Merger
noun
An occasion when two or more companies or organizations join together to make one larger company. (Jean-Noël)
Example: Parker Meggitt said the merger of the two businesses had meant some of the work previously undertaken at Meggitt may no longer be required, potentially affecting up to a 10th of the company's UK workforce. (Jean-Noël)
en: Fusion
Middleman
Noun
A person or company that buys goods from the company that has produced them and makes a profit by selling them to a store or a user. (Alison)
Example: The processing factories took advantage of this provision immediately by appointing their own buying agents to purchase cocoa, mainly from middlemen.
en: Intermédiaire
Milestone
Noun
An important event in the development of something. (Alison)
Example: Our partnership with Abrdn is a major milestone in our ambition to create much-needed quality residential housing in our communities.
en: étape importante/étape clé
Mini-budget
Noun
Name given to a set of economic policies and tax cuts included in the "Growth Plan" of September 2022 in the UK. (Valentin)
Example: The mini-budget was rejected by most MPs.
en: Mini-budget
Mislead
Verb
To give somebody the wrong idea or impression and make them believe something that is not true. (Nolwenn)
Example: But the lawsuit says the company misled investors, suggesting that the goals were difficult when they were not.
en: Induire en erreur, tromper
Monopoly
Noun
An organization or a group that has complete control of something, especially an area of business, so that others have no share. (Alison)
Example: Lots of industries were previously state monopolies: the gas industry had only one supplier - British Gas; British Telecom was a government monopoly.
en: Monopole
Mortgage
Noun
A legal agreement by which a bank or similar organization lends you money to buy a house, etc., and you pay the money back over a particular number of years; the sum of money that you borrow. (Adrian)
Example: Many British homeowners have also seen a sharp rise in mortgage rates after the mini-Budget drove up UK borrowing costs.
en: Prêt immobilier, emprunt immobilier
Mortgage
noun
A mortgage is a type of loan used to purchase or maintain a home, land, or other types of real estate. The borrower agrees to pay the lender over time, typically in a series of regular payments that are divided into principal and interest. The property then serves as collateral to secure the loan. (Jean-Noël)
Example: [...] we've seen problems in the mortgage markets which will hurt the UK household.
en: Prêt immobilier, hypothèque
Mourning
noun
To feel a great sadness because someone is dead. (Ophélia)
Example: They had a day off to observe national day of mourning.
en: Deuil
Multinational
Noun
A company that operates in several different countries, especially a large and powerful company. (Camille)
Example: This reflected the high profitability of euro area multinational enterprises, which has steadily improved in the past few years.
en: Multinationale
nemesis
noun
It is a person or thing that is very difficult to defeat. (Ophélia)
Example: Populism and protectionism – the nemeses of global economic openness.
en: ennemi juré
network
noun/verb
1. a group or system of interconnected people or things. 2. interact with others to exchange information and develop professional or social contacts. (Tigran).
Example: CONCLUSION Cyprus performed many varied roles in the inter regional trade NETWORK during the Late Bronze Age. The abundance of copper ore deposits were exploited as a raw material which was then traded, along with other goods, making the island a key player in the NETWORK and enabling relationships with other regions to be intensified. I.
en: 1.réseau 2. interconnecter
Off-putting
adjective
slightly unpleasant or worrying so that you do not want to get involved in any way. (Ophélia)
Example: Off-putting working conditions and the difficulty of combining the job with stable family life is discouraging youngsters and women from taking the wheel.
en: rebutant
Offshoring
Noun
the practice of basing a business or part of a business in a different country, usually because this involves paying less tax or other costs (Mariia)
Example: Initiatives to restrict offshoring have been defeated.
en: délocalisation à l'étranger
Operate
Verb
To do business in or from a particular place. (Alison)
Example: The group, which operates more than 4,600 stores in 70 countries with chains including Cos, Monki and Arket as well as its core brand, announced plans for the job cuts after profits fell 30% in the nine months to the end of August.
en: Intervenir/Fonctionner
Operating profit
noun
A company's profit from its normal business activities, not including any earned from investments or sales of assets, calculated by taking operating expenses away from gross income. (Jean-Noël)
Example: The South Korean company estimates its quarterly operating profit was about 10.8tn won ($7.6bn; £6.9bn).
en: Résultat d'exploitation
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
noun
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is a unique forum where the governments of 37 democracies with market-based economies collaborate to develop policy standards to promote sustainable economic growth. (Ángel)
Example: Pereira said the OECD thought interest rates would peak at a lower level than the OBR was anticipating, and that the UK would suffer a four-quarter recession ending in the middle of 2023.
en: Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques
Outlet
Noun
A shop that is one of many owned by a particular company and that sells the goods that the company has produced. (Alison)
Example: Amazon confirmed on Wednesday that layoffs had begun at the company, two days after multiple outlets reported the e-commerce giant planned to cut around 10,000 employees this week.
en: Point de vente
Output
Noun
The amount of goods and services that are produced by a particular economy, industry, company, or worker. (Alison)
Example: To become more effective, we need to focus more on outputs and revenues.
en: Production/rendement
Outsource
Verb
Obtain (goods or a service) by contract from an outside supplier. (Mariana)
Example: The company has outsourced payroll and accounting.
en: Externaliser, sous-traiter.
outsourcing
noun
Outsourcing is an agreement in which one company hires another company to be responsible for a planned or existing activity that is or could be done internally, and sometimes involves transferring employees and assets from one firm to another. (Tigran).
Example: The interface between process research and development and other departments for a particular project is overseen by project management along with various OUTSOURCING activities.
en: externalisation
Overhead
Noun
money spent regularly on rent, insurance, electricity, and other things that are needed to keep a business operating (Aleksandra)
Example: Their offices are in London so the overheads are very high.
en: frais généraux
overheads
noun
An overhead cost or expense. (Tigran)
Example: This assumption can be made because very low operating profit in 2002-3 is likely to have been due to high OVERHEADS indicating investment into a product.
en: surcoût
Overpayment
Noun
The act of making bigger payments than originally agreed when paying back a loan, or the amount by which someone has paid more. (Jason)
Example: There is no point in making monthly overpayments if your mortgage interest is calculated annually.
en: Indu
Ownership
Noun
The state or fact of owning something. (Jason)
Example: The spiralling cost of housing has pushed home ownership beyond the reach of many people.
en: Propriété
Package
Noun
The pay and other rewards that a company manager receives. (Adrian)
Example: Ira Ehrenpreis, a Tesla board member since 2007, told the court on Monday that the package was designed to keep Mr Musk engaged at Tesla, instead of leaving for other pursuits.
en: Avantages salariaux
Parent company
Noun
A company that controls other smaller companies (subsidiaries). (Alison)
Example: The parent company's stock price has dropped almost by half.
en: Société mère/maison mère
Part-time employee
noun
A person who works less than the hours for a normal work week. (Khadidja)
Example: She worked as a part-time employee when she was a student.
en: Employé à temps partiel
payroll
noun
The total amount of salaries or wages at a given time or for a given period (Àngel)
Example: Payrolls need to fall below the replacement rate in order to keep slowing the economy and despite the aggressive rate tightening thus far, the impact to the labor market has been minimal.
en: frais de personnel
Peak time
Noun
A time of the day where a lot of people are using the same service (Valentin).
Example: In addition to this, there were some peak time express services to.
en: Heure de pointe.
Pension
Noun
A regular income paid by a government or a financial organization to someone who no longer works, usually because of their age or health. (Nolwenn)
Example: From nurses' salaries to school supplies and state pensions, over £1 trillion will be spent on public services and investment this year.
en: Retraite
Performance
noun
How successful an investment, company, etc. is and how much profit it makes. (Adrian)
Example: "This will mean working long hours at high intensity. Only exceptional performance will constitute a passing grade," he said.
en: Performance
Piggyback
to use something that someone else has made or done in order to get an advantage (Aleksandra)
Example: Everyone wants to piggyback on the phenomenal success of the TV series.
en: se greffer sur la vague
Plant
Noun
A factory or workshop for the manufacture of a particular product. (Alison)
Example: Icelandic fish plant pulls out of UK citing Brexit and Covid.
en: Usine
Plead Ignorance
Idiom
To say that one doesn't know anything about something. (Emile)
Example: When asked about the reasons for these drastic changes, she pled ignorance.
en: Prétendre ignorer
plummet
Verb
To fall very quickly and suddenly (Violaine).
Example: British pound plummets to record low against the dollar
en: Chuter
Plunge
Noun
To (cause someone or something to) move or fall suddenly and often a long way forward, down, or into something (Violaine).
Example: The plunge of nearly 5% to just above $1.03 came during trading in Asia and Australia on Monday and extended a 3.6% dive from Friday, spurring predictions the pound could plunge to parity with the US dollar. It recovered slightly as European traders came online, rising back to $1.07.
en: Chuter
Price list
noun
List of prices of products on sale. (Khadidja)
Example: We always give our clients a price lists in case they decide they want to make an order.
en: Grille tarifaire
producer price index
noun
An index measuring changes in prices of commodities sold by producers and distributors to retailers. (Àngel)
Example: Important reads on inflation (both the producer price index and consumer price index) will be released before the Fed meets again.
en: indice des prix à la production
Product life cycle (PLC)
Noun
The stages in a product's existence: introduction, growth or increasing sales, maturity and decline. (Alison)
Example: By controlling the presentation, appearance, and price of the product, the company can maximize sales at every step of the product's life cycle.
en: Cycle de vie (du produit)
Profit
Noun
The money that you make in business or by selling things, especially after paying the costs involved. (Camille)
Example: Employees have the opportunity to take up their profit share as Dolmen shares or as a net sum in cash.
en: Bénéfices
profit margin
noun
the amount by which revenue from sales exceeds costs in a business. (Ángel)
Example: DNOs have higher profit margins than any other sector in the UK
en: marge de profit
Profitability
Noun
The obtaining of profit or positive results in an investment or economic activity. (Alison)
Example: The drive to profitability has already led to Disney announcing significant price rises of up to 38% to its monthly streaming packages in the US.
en: Rentabilité
project
noun
An individual or collaborative enterprise that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim. (Tigran)
Example: The span of control of each thematic leader was related to its capability to manage the PROJECT budget.
en: projet
Project leader
noun
A person in charge of leading people and ensuring that a project is completed successfully. (Khadidja)
Example: Our project leader checks our work every day to make sure that there won't be a delay.
en: Chef de projet
Prompt somebody to do something
Verb
To make someone decide to say or do something (Violaine).
Example: The rapid declines prompted the People's Bank of China to impose a risk reserve requirement of 20% on banks' foreign exchange forward sales to clients, starting Wednesday.
en: Pousser quelqu'un à faire quelque chose
Prop something up
Verb
To help an organization, system, etc. that is having trouble, often by giving financial help (Violaine).
Example: Elsewhere in the region, the Japanese yen dropped 0.6% against the dollar to 144. Last Thursday, the Japanese central bank intervened in the currency market for the first time since 1998 to prop up the yen when it hit 145.
en: Soutenir
Propel
verb
To cause something to move forward (Ophélia)
Example: Inflation is propelled in large part by household spending.
en: Impulser
protectionism
noun
The government's placing of duties or quotas on imports to protect domestic industries from global competition (Àngel)
Example: You might think this overt rise in protectionism would politically benefit the left, bu the end of "peak globalization" has changed the partisan world
en: protectionnisme
purchase
Verb
To buy something (Violaine).
Example: Under the IPO plan, the Porsche-Piech family will pay a premium to purchase shares that will hand back to it significant decision-making power.
en: Acheter
R&D department
Noun
Department responsible for inventing new products or improving existing products. (Anna)
Example: Many brands choose to invest more in their R&D department in order to attract more customers.
en: Département R&D
Reaganomics
A portmanteau of Reagan and economics, it refers to a set of economic policies implemented by Ronald Reagan in the 1980s, with a focus on the free market, lowering government spending, and lowering taxes. (Emile)
Rebate
noun
Amount of money that is paid back to a customer when they have paid too much. (Khadidja)
Example: This client came to the reception with her receipt and asked for a rebate on this item.
en: Remboursement / Rabais
Recession
A period, usually at least six months, of low economic activity, when investments lose value, businesses fail, and unemployment rises. (Nolwenn)
Example: All governments crave faster economic growth but a prolonged recession is forecast for the UK.
en: Récession
Redundancy
noun
A situation in which someone loses their job because their employer does not need them. (Jean-Noël)
Example: A spokesman for the company said: "Parker Meggitt is committed to a clear and transparent process with options to reduce the impact of the proposed changes, including the consideration of voluntary redundancy."
Act of referring someone or something for consultation, review, or further action. (Mariana)
Example: My doctor gave me a referral to a surgeon.
en: Envoyer [qqn] vers un spécialiste, adresser [qqn] à un spécialiste
regulatory framework
noun
Regulatory frameworks are legal mechanisms that exist on national and international levels. They can be mandatory and coercive (national laws and regulations, contractual obligations) or voluntary (integrity pacts, codes of conduct, arms control agreements). (Ángel)
Example: Zhang said “Australians deserve a robust and efficient crypto regulatory framework. First to protect investors’ financial wellbeing and second, we also want the sector to grow because I would say the digital finance sector is the future of finance.”
en: cadre de réglementation
Relocate
Verb
To move to or establish a business, staff or an activity in a new place. (Alison)
Example: Companies try to relocate, often to save money. They go to somewhere cheap and they make staff go with them.
en: Délocaliser
replacement rate
noun
Replacement rate refers to the percentage of an individual's annual employment income that is replaced by retirement income when they retire. (Àngel)
en: taux de remplacement
Restraint
Noun
A rule or an agreement that limits the freedom of a person, organization, or country, or that prevents something from growing or increasing.
Example: Most countries have restraints on the sale of alcohol and tobacco products.
en: Restriction.
Retailer
Noun
A person or business that sells goods to the public. (Nolwenn)
Example: One of the biggest fallers has been pub chain Mitchells and Butlers, which lost over 37% of its share value in the past year. Gambling company 888 has fallen 70% and retailer Marks & Spencer is down 40%.
en: Détaillant
Return
Noun
The profit that you get from an investment. (Adrian)
Example: Those risks prompted bond investors to look for a higher return, so the interest rate - or yield - on those bonds soared, potentially adding billions to the cost of new government borrowing.
en: Rendement
Return on investment (ROI)
Noun
ROI compares how much you paid for an investment to how much you earned to evaluate its efficiency. (Alison)
Example: Weekly sales are running well ahead of the levels required for a 25% return on investment.
en: Retour sur investissement
Revenue
Noun
The money generated from normal business operations, calculated as the average sales price times the number of units sold. It is the top line (or gross income) figure from which costs are subtracted to determine net income. (Anna)
Example: Your company should really increase its revenue for next year.
en: Chiffre d'affaires / Recette (État)
Rock-bottom price
Noun
A price that is at its lowest possible level. (Alison)
Example: They were selling the goods at rock-bottom prices.
en: Prix défiant toute concurrence
Rollout
Noun
The act of making something, especially a product or service, available for the first time. (Adrian)
Example: At the time, Tesla was under pressure and burning cash as it struggled to ramp up the rollout of the Tesla sedan, which was meant to introduce the company to a wider market.
en: Lancement
Royalty
noun
Fixed upon amount of money someone gets from art or intellectual property each time a song, book, or other creation is sold, played or used. (Khadidja)
Example: As a songwriter, she receives royalties every month for her work on this album.
en: Redevance
Run-up (to)
Noun
The final period of time before an important event (Valentin).
Example: Everyone is very busy during the run-up to publication.
en: Course (à)
Sampling
Noun
Getting opinions from a number of people, chosen from a specific group, in order to find out about the whole group. (Camille)
Example: The research project includes sampling and analysis.
en: Échantillonnage
Scheme
Noun
An organized plan for doing something, especially something dishonest or illegal that will bring a good result for you. (Mariana)
Example: He is always thinking of a new scheme to become rich.
en: Procédé malhonnête, combine
Scholarly
Adjective
Having or showing knowledge, learning, or devotion to academic pursuits. (Mariana)
Example: The professor is a typical scholarly type; she's always got her nose in a book.
en: Érudit, savant
Scrap
Verb
To not continue with a system or plan (Violaine).
Example: The new tax-slashing fiscal measures, which include scrapping plans for an increase in corporation tax and slashing the top rate of income tax, have been criticized as "trickle-down economics" by the opposition Labour Party and even lambasted by members of the Chancellor's own Conservative party.
en: Laisser tomber
Sensor
Noun
Electronic device that detects something. (Mariana)
Example: A sensor detects whether the lid is open or closed.
en: Capteur, détecteur
shared workspace
noun
Shared workspaces (coworking spaces) are workstations rented by remote employees, freelancers, gig workers, consultants, and anyone else who may not have a central office—one space for one individual. Shared office space is a much larger workplace rented for many people in a similar fashion. (Tigran).
Example: Wikis improve collaboration via a SHARED WORKSPACE. This SHARED WORKSPACE is essentially a hyperlinked blackboard that can be accessed and changed using the same simple browser-based user interface.
en: espace de travail partagé
shareholder
Noun
A person who owns shares in a company and therefore gets part of the company's profits and the right to vote on how the company is controlled (Violaine).
Example: If the IPO goes ahead, VW said it will hold a meeting for investors in December when it plans to propose distributing a special dividend from the share sale to shareholders.
en: Actionnaire
Shift work
noun
Type of work organization where teams take turns doing the same job, one after the other
en: Travail posté
Shortage
Noun
A situation in which there is not enough of something (Valentin).
Example: There's a shortage of food and shelter in the refugee camps.
en: Rupture (de stock).
Shortfall
Noun
If there is a shortfall in something, there is less of it than you need or expect. (Nolwenn)
Example: It is more typical to have an annual shortfall averaging about 3% of the money the UK economy makes per year.
en: Déficit, manque à gagner
Sick leave
A leave of absence taken due to illness. (Emile)
en: Congé maladie
Silver lining
Noun
An advantage that comes from a difficult or unpleasant situation. (Jason)
Example: There may be a silver lining in all the commotion: buyers who still want large vehicles can haggle a really good price.
en: Côté positif
skill set
noun
A person's range of skills or abilities. (Tigran).
Example: Freddie Mac Much of the public think that the core of the problem was Freddie's lack of attention to the staffing, SKILL SET and resources it set to its accounting policies.
en: ensemble de compétences
Skilled worker
noun
A worker which has the specific abilities, competences and training needed to realize a job. (Khadidja)
Example: We will hire more employees, but they should all be skilled workers as we can't afford to train people at this time.
en: Travailleur qualifié
Slash
Verb
To very much reduce something, such as money or jobs (Violaine).
Example: The new tax-slashing fiscal measures, which include scrapping plans for an increase in corporation tax and slashing the top rate of income tax, have been criticized as "trickle-down economics" by the opposition Labour Party and even lambasted by members of the Chancellor's own Conservative party.
en: Réduire considérablement
Slide
Verb
To go into a worse state, often through lack of control or care (Violaine).
Example: China's yuan slid 0.5% on the onshore market to the lowest level in more than 28 months. The offshore yuan fell 0.4%
en: Chuter
Slowdown
Noun
A reduction in speed, activity, or the rate that things are produced. (Alison)
Example: Streaming losses almost doubled year on year to $1.5bn, and Chapek admitted that the company was finally facing the subscriber slowdown that has hammered Netflix.
en: Ralentissement (de l'activité)
Slowdown
noun
A reduction in speed, activity, or the rate that things are produced. (Jean-Noël)
Example: Technology giant Samsung has warned of a 32% slide in its profits as demand for electronic devices and the memory chips that power them shrinks due to the global economic slowdown.
en: Ralentissement
Slump
Noun
Of prices, values, or sales: to fall suddenly (Violaine).
Example: The currency slump follows British Chancellor of the Exchequer Kwasi Kwarteng's announcement on Friday that the United Kingdom would implement the biggest tax cuts in 50 years at the same time as boosting government borrowing and spending.
en: Chuter
Slump
noun
A fall in the price, value, sales, etc. of something. (Jean-Noël)
Example: Samsung warns of 32% hit to profits on chip slump.
en: Chute, effondrement
smart contract
noun
A smart contract is a self-executing contract with the terms of the agreement between buyer and seller being directly written into lines of code. (Ángel)
Example: “Smart contract” is a term used to describe computer code that automatically executes all or parts of an agreement. It is usually stored on a blockchain-based platform.
en: contrat intelligent
Soaring
Adjective
Rising very quickly to a high level (Violaine).
Example: The soaring US dollar also sent major Asian currencies tumbling on Monday.
en: En très forte hausse
Spiral
Verb
If costs, prices, etc. spiral, they increase quickly. (Jason)
Example: We saw energy prices spiralling out of control.
en: Grimper
Spoil [sth]
Verb
To destroy or reduce the pleasure, interest, or beauty of something. (Mariana)
Example: You told Mary we were planning a party for her birthday? You've spoiled the surprise now!
en: Gâcher
Spokesperson
Noun
A person who is chosen to speak officially for a group or organization. (Alison)
Example: A Royal Mail spokesperson apologised for the drop in service standards but also pointed out that the company was responsible for delivering millions of Covid-19 test kits via 35,000 priority post boxes.
en: Porte-parole
Spur
Verb
To encourage an activity or development or make it happen faster (Violaine).
Example: The plunge of nearly 5% to just above $1.03 came during trading in Asia and Australia on Monday and extended a 3.6% dive from Friday, spurring predictions the pound could plunge to parity with the US dollar. It recovered slightly as European traders came online, rising back to $1.07.
en: Susciter
stablecoin
noun
any cryptocurrency designed to have a relatively stable price, typically through being pegged to a commodity or currency or having its supply regulated by an algorithm. (Àngel)
Example: Hay is a stablecoin, a kind of cryptocurrency that is pegged to another asset.
en: cryptomonnaie stable
Staff
Noun
The people who work for a firm or a particular department; employees. (Anna)
Example: The members of the staff went to a team building trip this weekend.
en: Personnel
Stakeholder
Noun
A party that has an interest in a company and can either affect or be affected by the business. (Anna)
Example: I gathered the stakeholders in order to make a decision.
en: Partie prenante
Standstill
Noun
A condition in which all movement or activity has stopped. (Alison)
Example: Perhaps the most unusual period for business in a generation began in the spring of 2020, when lockdowns brought parts of production to a standstill.
en: Arrêt/point mort
Staple
adj
A main product or part of something. (Jean-Noël)
Example: It found sharp increases in the price of some household staples in supermarkets.
en: de base, essentiel
Statement
Noun
A printed record of money paid, received, etc. (Adrian)
Example: The Autumn Statement will affect the take-home pay and household budgets of millions of people, as well as money for key public services.
en: Relevé
Steep
Adjective
Of a slope: rising or falling at a sharp angle (Violaine)
Example: The pound has been hammered by a string of weak economic data, but also the steep ascent of the US dollar, a safe haven investment that sees inflows in times of uncertainty.
en: Escarpé
stock fund
noun
A common stock fund is a mutual fund that invests in the common stock of numerous publicly traded companies. (Ángel)
Example: Crosby cited statistics showing how active stock fund management performed less well than passive indexing more than 80% of the time over five- and 10-year periods.
en: fonds commun en actions
stock market
Noun
The activity of buying and selling shares in particular companies, and the people and organizations involved in this (Violaine).
Example: German car making giant Volkswagen has said it is aiming for a valuation of up to €75bn for Porsche when the luxury brand is floated on the stock market.
en: Bourse
Stockpile
Verb
To store a large supply of goods for future use. (Alison)
Example: The company had been hit by a lack of cold storage as businesses stockpiled to prepare for possible disruption as the UK left the EU.
en: Stocker/ faire des réserves
Strain
verb
To experience pressure, or to make something do or experience this. (Ophélia)
Example: Recent shocks have strained global supply chains.
en: Mettre à rude épreuve
Strike
A form of protest in which employees refuse to work, with the aim of gaining something, or alerting employers to a problem that has yet to be addressed. (Emile)
en: Manifestation
Strike a deal
Idiom
To agree to do business with another person or company. (Alison)
Example: The two sides finally struck a deal after weeks of negotiations.
en: Conclure un marché
String of something
Noun
A series of (Violaine).
Example: The pound has been hammered by a string of weak economic data, but also the steep ascent of the US dollar, a safe haven investment that sees inflows in times of uncertainty.
en: Série de (qqch)
Subsidiary
Noun
A company that is owned by a larger company. (Alison)
Example: Most of the factories built with the subsidies were subsidiaries of major corporations.
en: Filiale
Subsidy
noun
Money that a government or an organization pays in order to reduce the costs of services/goods so that their prices can be kept low. (Khadidja)
Example: Many business owners received subsidies from the government because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
en: Subvention
Supersede
Verb
Which is higher than something else. (Ophélia)
Example: His wealth supersedes the king's personal wealth.
en: Dépasser
Supplier
Noun
A company, person, etc. that provides things that people want or need, especially over a long period of time. (Jason)
Example: Apple supplier Foxconn says its revenue in November is down 11% compared to the same month in 2021.
en: Fournisseur
Supply chain
Noun
The chain of processes and businesses by which a commodity is produced and distributed. (Alison)
Example: A zero-covid policy that causes intermittent local lockdowns, such as the one that recently began in the southern city of Guangzhou, has disrupted supply chains and made the country inhospitable to foreign managers.
en: Chaîne d'approvisionnement
sustainability
noun
The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level. (Tigran)
Example: SUSTAINABILITY of new developments is important and should be established. As your project is a new development, we should make use of all new technologies, new recycled materials, or low energy materials that reduce the affect the building's energy requirements and SUSTAINABILITY needs.
en: durabilité
Tailspin
Noun
A situation in which something starts to fail or lose value and gets more and more out of control. (Ophélia)
Example: Share prices went into a tailspin when the CEO resigned.
en: Être en dégringolade
Take on
Verb
To employ; to hire. (Anna)
Example: We are taking on new members for our R&D department.
en: Embaucher
Take over
Verb
To start doing a job or being responsible for something that another person did or had responsibility for before. (Alison)
Example: The Iger era at the top of Disney began in 2005 when he took over the role of chief executive from Michael Eisner, who stepped down a year earlier than planned.
en: Reprendre
Take-home pay
Noun
The amount of money that you earn each month after tax, etc. has been taken away. (Jason)
Example: If you look at the typical mortgage payment as a share of someone's take-home pay, for the typical first-time buyer that was running at close to long-run averages of 30%.
en: Revenu net
Takeover
Noun
a situation in which a company gets control of another company by buying enough of its shares (Mariia)
Example: They were involved in a takeover last year.
en: prise de contrôle; opération de prise de contrôle; rachat (m)
Tax
Noun
(An amount of) money paid to the government, usually a percentage of personal income or of the cost of goods or services bought. (Adrian)
Example: That brings in more money through taxes, reduces spending on benefits and would shrink the debt compared with the size of the UK's income.
en: Impôt
Tax cuts
noun
A tax cut represents a decrease in the amount of money taken from taxpayers to go towards government revenue. (Jean-Noël)
Example: The International Monetary Fund has openly criticised the UK government over its plan for tax cuts [...].
en: Réductions d'impôts
Tax package
noun
Tax reform containing a number of measures. (Jean-Noël)
Example: Chancellor Kwasi Kwarteng unveiled the country's biggest tax package in 50 years on Friday.
The action or process of causing a group of people to work together effectively as a team, especially by means of activities and events designed to increase motivation and promote cooperation. (Anna)
Example: Our company organises three team building trips every year.
en: Esprit d'équipe, team building
team-player
noun
Someone who cares more about helping a group or team to succeed than about his or her individual success. (Tigran)
Example: Tigran is a team-player. He is always helping others.
en: joueur d'équipe
The long tail
Noun
(in retail and marketing) used to refer to the large number of products that sell in small quantities, as contrasted with the small number of best-selling products. (Mariia)
the mass production model does not apply to many products such as selling books and music on the internet. In a large catalogue of items, the cost of selling the least popular item is only slightly more than selling the most popular. e.g.: selling small numbers of specialized books, as well as large numbers of popular ones
Example: Classic examples of Long Tail businesses include Amazon and Netflix. In addition to online retailers you will also find Long Tail businesses in micro finance and insurance to name just two industries.
en: Longue traîne
Thrive
Verb
To grow, develop, or be successful. (Alison)
Example: His business thrived in the years before the war.
en: Prospérer
Thwart
Verb
To stop something from happening (Ophélia)
Example: It is an optimal solution to thwarting criminals
en: Empêcher / faire échouer
To change tack
Idiom
To try a different method to deal with the same problem (Violaine).
Example: Mr Kwarteng had said he would wait for 23 November but changed tack after his mini-budget sparked market turmoil.
en: Changer de tactique
To cold-call
Verb
to call or visit a possible customer to try to sell them something without being asked by the customer to do so (Mariia)
Example: We were cold-called by a company offering savings on our phone bill.
en: faire des appels à froid
To disrupt
Verb
To change the traditional way that an industry operates, especially in a new and effective way. (Valentin)
Example: Dell Inc. disrupted the traditional way of selling computers by switching to the internet.
en: Bouleverser
To duck responsability
Verb
To avoid being responsible. (Valentin)
Example: Sir Keir said the prime minister needed to "stop ducking responsibility".
en: Fuir ses responsabilités
To embroil
Verb
to cause someone to become involved in an argument or a difficult situation (Mariia)
Example: She had no desire to embroil herself in lengthy lawsuits with the tabloid newspapers.
en: figuré entraîner · to embroil oneself: se retrouver mêlé
to float
Verb
To start selling shares in a business or company for the first time (Violaine).
Example: German car making giant Volkswagen has said it is aiming for a valuation of up to €75bn for Porsche when the luxury brand is floated on the stock market.
en: Être introduit ou être mis en
To go bust
Verb
If a company goes bust, it is forced to close because it is financially unsuccessful.
Example: So what happens if your electricity supplier goes bust?
en: Faire faillite
To hamper
Verb
To prevent someone doing something easily (Violaine).
Example: Many public services are already hampered by pandemic disruption and rising inflation.
en: Freiner
To peak
Verb
To reach the highest, strongest, or best point, value, or level of skill. (Valentin)
Example: Official figures show that unemployment peaked in November.
en: Atteindre son point le plus haut.
To quell
Verb
To stop something, especially by using force (Violaine).
Example: The chancellor bringing forward his explanation of how he intends to get down government debt and the official watchdog's assessment of his plans to Hallowe'en is aimed at quelling the market turmoil which has driven up borrowing costs for households and government.
en: Réprimer
To rattle
Verb
To worry someone or make someone nervous (Violaine).
Example: His refusal to publish a draft report by the Office for Budget Responsibility to accompany the mini-budget on 23 September also rattled markets and some MPs.
en: Enerver
To roll back
phrasal verb
To reduce something to an earlier level or standard. (Ophélia)
Example: Republicans peldged to roll back the Biden administration's spending efforts.
en: Restaurer
to shrink (the price)
to reduce (Aleksandra)
Example: They've just shrinked the price.
en: rétrécir/réduire
To spark
Verb
To cause the start of something, especially an argument or fighting (Violaine).
Example: Mr Kwarteng had said he would wait for 23 November but changed tack after his mini-budget sparked market turmoil.
en: Déclencher
Trickle-down economics
Noun
Trickle-down economics and its policies employ the theory that tax breaks and benefits for corporations and the wealthy will trickle down and eventually benefit everyone (Violaine).
Example: The new tax-slashing fiscal measures, which include scrapping plans for an increase in corporation tax and slashing the top rate of income tax, have been criticized as "trickle-down economics" by the opposition Labour Party and even lambasted by members of the Chancellor's own Conservative party.
en: Économie du ruissellement
Tumble
Verb
To fall a lot in value in a short time (Violaine).
Example: The soaring US dollar also sent major Asian currencies tumbling on Monday.
en: Chuter
Turmoil
Used when a country's economy has taken a sudden sharp downturn. (Emile)
en: Boulversement
Turnover
the amount of business that a company does in a period of time (Mariia)
Example: Large supermarkets have high turnovers (= their goods sell very quickly).
en: roulement (m)
U-turn
In driving refers to a 180° turn to reverse the direction of travel. Can also be used metaphorically to indicate a person doing something completely different to what they were doing before. (Emile)
en: Demi-tour
Ubiquitous
Adjective
Seeming to be everywhere. (Mariana)
Example: God is supposed to be ubiquitous.
en: Omniprésent
Undercut
verb
To weaken or undermine something. (Jean-Noël)
Example: Government is undercutting UK institutions. (Jean-Noël)
en: Affaiblir, saper
Underpin [sth]
Verb
To give support, strength, or a basic structure to something. (Mariana)
Example: Your house will need to be underpinned to stop it collapsing.
en: Étayer, soutenir
unemployment
noun
Unemployment, according to the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), is people above a specified age (usually 15) not being in paid employment or self-employment but currently available for work during the reference period (Ángel)
Example: Economists surveyed by Refinitiv had expected the pace of hiring to slow to a gain of only 200,000 jobs in November and the unemployment rate to stay flat at 3.7%.
en: chômage
Unload
Verb
To remove the contents of something. (Mariana)
Example: Is there anyone available to help me unload the van?
en: Décharger
Unpalatable
Adjective
An unpalatable fact or idea is unpleasant or shocking and therefore difficult to accept (Violaine).
Example: Providing reassurance on that score will likely mean confirming unpalatable news for others.
en: Dérangeant
Upstart
Noun
A company that has only recently been started. (Jason)
Example: Larger drug companies are buying up many of the upstart firms.
en: Jeune pousse, Arriviste
Upsurge
Noun
A sudden large increase in something. (Jason)
Example: The recent upsurge in people working beyond the retirement age is due to the falling value of pension funds and savings.
en: Monté en flèche
Vacancy
Noun
A position that is newly created, unoccupied, or about to become vacant. (Alison)
Example: Across Europe, 10% of vacancies are unfilled, says the IRU, equivalent to 425,000 people.
en: Poste à pourvoir
volatility
Noun
the quality or state of being volatile: such as a tendency to change quickly and unpredictably (Mariia)
Example: A change of government and its new economic policies may have helped arrested some of the financial market volatility after September’s ‘mini-budget’ but the economic picture remains stubbornly unchanged.
en: volatilité
Vote of confidence
Noun
An occasion when the members of a parliament or other organization are asked to say that they support the people in authority and agree with their actions. (Nolwenn)
Example: Approval of the remuneration package, which allowed Mr Musk to purchase Tesla stock at a deep discount if the firm met targets, was seen as a vote of confidence in Mr Musk.
en: Vote de confiance
Voucher
noun
A piece of paper that is a record of money paid or one that can be used to pay for particular goods or services. (Jean-Noël)
Example: £400 energy support vouchers going unclaimed.
en: Bon, bon d'achat
Warehouse
Noun
A large building for storing goods before they are sold, used, or sent out to shops. (Alison)
Example: The goods have been sitting in a warehouse for months because a strike has prevented distribution.
en: Entrepôt
Warrant
Noun
The right to buy a company's shares at a particular price by a particular date. (Jason)
Example: The company has the right to exercise warrants for the stock, up to a maximum of 5% of the total shares outstanding.
en: Bon de souscription
Watchdog
Noun
A person or organization responsible for making certain that companies obey particular standards and do not act illegally. (Alison)
Example: The watchdog said it was considering enforcement after launching investigations against 30 firms, with some now making their way through the courts.
en: Organisme de défense des consommateurs
Welfare
noun
Financial aid to people who don’t have money or resources. (Khadidja)
Example: There are welfare services for handicapped people, young people, and single mothers.
en: Aide sociale
Wholesale
Noun
The business of selling of goods in large quantities and at low prices, typically to be sold on by retailers at a profit. (Anna)
Example: The wholesale tariffs in Metro are very attractive for restaurants.
en: Vente en gros
Wind down
Verb
To reduce gradually the amount of work a business does until it closes completely. (Alison)
Example: They're winding down their operations abroad because they're losing money.
en: Réduire graduellement
Windfall (tax)
Noun
An amount of money won or received unexpectedly.
In the case of a "windfall tax", it is an extra tax that a government charges a company when it makes a large unexpected profit, especially if they have been helped by economic conditions. (Nolwenn)
Example: Asked if the government should raise the windfall tax on firms, government minister Nadhim Zahawi said energy giants pay "double the corporation tax" of other businesses, as well as the windfall tax.
en: Aubaine
Withstand
verb
To receive without being changed or damaged by something powerful (synonym: to bear) (Ophélia)
Example: Most consumers have been willing to withstand higher prices
en: Supporter
Work hours
noun
The time a worker spends doing their job. (Khadidja)
Example: The work hours were indicated on the job advertisement.
en: Horaires de travail
worker
noun
1. a person who does a specified type of work or who works in a specified way.
2. a person who achieves a specified thing. (Tigran)
Example: Environmental and air conditions can cause hazards to workers in a tomato nursery. Solar radiation is an obvious hazard in a tomato nursery and can lead to overheating and sunburn, reducing WORKER comfort and performance.
en: ouvrier/ouvrière
Workforce
Noun
The group of people working in a company or an industry. (Alison)
Example: On November 9th, Meta said it would fire 11,000 people, or 13% of its workforce.
en: Main d'oeuvre/effectifs
Workplace
Noun
A building or room where people perform their jobs. (Jason)
Example: In the new digital workplace, employers are finding it difficult to recruit individuals with experience in growing e-businesses.
en: Lieu de travail
Wrongdoing
Noun
Illegal behavior. (Jason)
Example: He was arrested in Japan in late 2018, and faced a number of charges, including claims he deliberately mis-reported his earnings and used company money to fund his own lifestyle. He denied any wrongdoing.
en: Méfait, Délit
Yield
Noun
The total amount of profit or income produced from a business or investment. (Alison)
Example: These securities are speculative and may involve greater risks and have higher yields.
en: Rendement
Yield
noun
The total amount of profit or income produced from a business or investment. (Jean-Noël)
Example: Following the PM's statement, the yield edged higher again to about 3.8%, but still remained below the level seen at the start of the day.
en: Rendement, bénéfice
zombie funds
noun
A zombie fund is a colloquial expression for a with-profits life insurance fund that is closed to new business. (Tigran)
Example: Zombie funds can attract negative coverage, as in the case of Resolution plc.
