This glossary contains keywords in biology learning. I'm currently studying in Natural Science and I especially have been loving biology since my first Biology course which when I was in grade 9. Biology is the living organism study and the evolution of life and organisms. In this glossary, there are twenty biology terms defined, translated and supported with an example and a picture. These words will help you to have a better understanding of basic biology concepts and reactions. I've chosen these words because they are very important to understand complex reactions, and we can often hear them, but without necessary knowing their meaning. I found these in my biology reference book (Elements of Anatomy and Physiology, TORTORA & DERICKSON) and on Wikipedia biology glossary. I hope it will provide you the motivation to start learning more about this subject!
Absorption
Noun
The process of absorbing or assimilating substances into cells or across the tissues and organs through diffusion or osmosis, as in absorption of nutrients by the digestive system, or absorption of drugs into the bloodstream.
Ref.: https://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Absorption
Example: It is the acids that helps there to be a higher lactose absorption which helps those people who are allergic to lactose.
Ref.: https://lextutor.ca/cgi-bin/conc/wwwassocwords.pl?SearchType=equals&SearchStr=Absorption&Corpus=bawe_complete&LineWidth=100&unframed=true
fr: Absorption
Anatomy
Noun
The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts.
Ref.: https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/anatomy
Example: A number of reward-relevant sites along the medial forebrain bundle, especially the ventral tegmental area are identified and their functional anatomy discussed.
Ref.: https://lextutor.ca/cgi-bin/conc/wwwassocwords.pl?SearchType=equals&SearchStr=Anatomy&Corpus=bawe_complete&LineWidth=100&unframed=true
fr: Anatomie
Blood
Noun
The red liquid that circulates in the arteries and veins of humans and other vertebrate animals, carrying oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the tissues of the body.
Ref.: https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/blood
Example: In some cases nitrates are converted to nitrites in human body that react to hemoglobin in the blood to inhibit oxygen transport.
Ref.: https://lextutor.ca/cgi-bin/conc/wwwassocwords.pl?SearchType=equals&SearchStr=Blood&Corpus=bawe_complete&LineWidth=100&unframed=true
fr: Sang
Cell
Noun
the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic.
Ref.: https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/cell
Example: In the Islets of Langerhans, located in the pancreas, humans have two types of cells that are instrumental in the delivery of the energy needed to the body's cells in the form of glucose: alpha and beta cells.
Ref.: https://lextutor.ca/cgi-bin/conc/wwwassocwords.pl?SearchType=equals&SearchStr=Cell&Corpus=bawe_complete&LineWidth=100&unframed=true
fr: Cellule
Enzyme
Noun
A substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
Ref.: https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/enzyme
Example: Lactose intolerance is believed to develop when milk is not consumed for a long period, some people then fail to produce the enzyme lactase as the body believes the individual is weaned from breast milk and no longer needs the enzyme.
Ref.: https://lextutor.ca/cgi-bin/conc/wwwassocwords.pl?SearchType=equals&SearchStr=Enzyme&Corpus=bawe_complete&LineWidth=100&unframed=true
fr: Enzyme
Evolution
Noun
The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.
Ref.: https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/evolution
Example: Although Gaskell's North and South (1855) was published prior to the publication of Charles Darwin's Origin of the Species (1859) theories of evolution and natural selection had already been hinted at in Lamarck's Zoological Philosophy (1809) and Malthus' Essay on Population (1798.)
Ref.: https://lextutor.ca/cgi-bin/conc/wwwassocwords.pl?SearchType=equals&SearchStr=Evolution&Corpus=bawe_complete&LineWidth=100&unframed=true
fr: Évolution
Gene
Noun
A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
Ref.: https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/gene
Example: During the examination of eukaryotic cells, it has been shown that they contain genes from the Bacterial and Archaea domains.
Ref.: https://lextutor.ca/cgi-bin/conc/wwwassocwords.pl?SearchType=equals&SearchStr=Gene&Corpus=bawe_complete&LineWidth=100&unframed=true
fr: Gène
Gland
Noun
An organ in the human or animal body which secretes particular chemical substances for use in the body or for discharge into the surroundings.
Ref.: https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/gland
Example: Physiologically, the hypothalamus gland in the brain regulates our appetite and if damaged can cause over-eating.
Ref.: https://lextutor.ca/cgi-bin/conc/wwwassocwords.pl?SearchType=equals&SearchStr=Gland&Corpus=bawe_complete&LineWidth=100&unframed=true
fr: Glande
Hormone
Noun
A regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.
Ref.: https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/hormone
Example: The liver responds more effectively to glucagon, a polypeptide hormone secreted by the ά cells of the pancreas when the blood-glucose level is low.
Ref.: https://lextutor.ca/cgi-bin/conc/wwwassocwords.pl
fr: Hormone
Metabolism
Noun
The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
Ref.: https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/metabolism
Example: There are many biological factors that contribute to weight regulation; homeostasis, certain brain structures, neurochemicals and metabolism have all been found to influence our weight.
Ref.: https://lextutor.ca/cgi-bin/conc/wwwassocwords.pl?SearchType=equals&SearchStr=Metabolism&Corpus=bawe_complete&LineWidth=100&unframed=true
fr: Métabolisme
Mitosis
Noun
A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.
Ref.: https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/mitosis
Example: They are also not split equally between cells when they divide at mitosis and so one cell may inherit all maternal mitochondria.
Ref.: https://lextutor.ca/cgi-bin/conc/wwwassocwords.pl?SearchType=equals&SearchStr=Mitosis&Corpus=bawe_complete&LineWidth=100&unframed=true
fr: Mitose
Molecule
Noun
A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
Ref.: https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/molecule
Example: This can be seen in water (H2O), which is the chemical interaction of one oxygen molecule and two hydrogen.
Ref.: https://lextutor.ca/cgi-bin/conc/wwwassocwords.pl?SearchType=equals&SearchStr=Molecule&Corpus=bawe_complete&LineWidth=100&unframed=true
fr: Molécule
Neuron
Noun
A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell.
Ref.: https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/neuron
Example: Physical examination will look for signs of neurological deficits, including upper motor neuron signs of hypertonia, hyperreflexia, babinski reflex, rigidity and lower motor neuron signs of hypotonia, hyporeflexia, loss of power in muscles and muscle fasciculations.
Ref.: https://lextutor.ca/cgi-bin/conc/wwwassocwords.pl?SearchType=equals&SearchStr=Neuron&Corpus=bawe_complete&LineWidth=100&unframed=true
fr: Neurone
Nutrient
Noun
A substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life.
Ref.: https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/nutrient
Example: For more minerals, such as selenium, with only two third of DRV is consumed; about half of the daily recommendation of iodine is consumed, which is the nutrient that I lack of mostly.
Ref.: https://lextutor.ca/cgi-bin/conc/wwwassocwords.pl?SearchType=equals&SearchStr=Nutrient&Corpus=bawe_complete&LineWidth=100&unframed=true
fr: Nutriment
Organ
Noun
A part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function, such as the heart or liver in humans.
Ref.: https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/organ
Example: In the dog, microbial digestion of cellulose occurs in the colon, an organ that is mainly involved with the regulation of the absorption of water from the chime into faeces.
Ref.: https://lextutor.ca/cgi-bin/conc/wwwassocwords.pl?SearchType=equals&SearchStr=Organ&Corpus=bawe_complete&LineWidth=100&unframed=true
fr: Organe
Organism
Noun
An individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.
Ref.: https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/organism
Example: Assuming the pneumonia is due to a typical community acquired organism such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae or Mycoplasma pneumoniae the following antibiotics would be suitable until MC&S is obtained: Cefuroxime (Cephalosporin) 750 mg IV td Clarythromycin (Macrolide) 500 mg IV bd Treat asthma and breathlessness with regular nebulized salbutamol (5mg qds) His regular medication (see above) should be reviewed and administered if safe in order to manage asthma and co-morbidity.
Ref.: https://lextutor.ca/cgi-bin/conc/wwwassocwords.pl?SearchType=equals&SearchStr=Organism&Corpus=bawe_complete&LineWidth=100&unframed=true
fr: Organisme
Physiology
Noun
The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.
Ref.: https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/physiology
Example: Pollution tends to be applied to production or functions of human physiology therefore "blood, excreta, vomit, hair clippings, nail clipping, cooked food" etc are all major forms of pollution.
Ref.: https://lextutor.ca/cgi-bin/conc/wwwassocwords.pl?SearchType=equals&SearchStr=Physiology&Corpus=bawe_complete&LineWidth=100&unframed=true
fr: Physiologie
Protein
Noun
Any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, collagen, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies.
Ref.: https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/protein
Example: Spider silk is made up of complex protein molecules, in a chain of amino acids.
Ref.: https://lextutor.ca/cgi-bin/conc/wwwassocwords.pl?SearchType=equals&SearchStr=Protein&Corpus=bawe_complete&LineWidth=100&unframed=true
fr: Protéine
Stimulus
Noun
A thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue.
Ref.: https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/stimulus
Example: Cork balls have been substituted for ova, which the infundibulum then catches, resulting in eggs that contain cork instead of the yolk showing that the ampula does not have any recognition functions, and responds to any stimulus.
Ref.: https://lextutor.ca/cgi-bin/conc/wwwassocwords.pl?SearchType=equals&SearchStr=Stimulus&Corpus=bawe_complete&LineWidth=100&unframed=true
fr: Stimulus
Tissue
Noun
Any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products.
Ref.: https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/tissue
Example: Iodine forms part of the hormone's thyroxin and triiodothyronine which are necessary for the maintenance of the metabolic rate, cellular metabolism and integrity of connective tissue.
Ref.: https://lextutor.ca/cgi-bin/conc/wwwassocwords.pl?SearchType=equals&SearchStr=Tissue&Corpus=bawe_complete&LineWidth=100&unframed=true
