(of a person) not identified by name; of unknown name.
Example: The donor's wish to remain anonymous.
fr: anonyme
authoritarian
adjective
Favouring or enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of personal freedom.
Example: Sharpe and Foucault see this simply as a 'malfunction of prevailing AUTHORITARIAN structures'.
fr: autoritaire
authoritarianism
noun
The enforcement or advocacy of strict obedience to authority at the expense of personal freedom.
Example: Research has found that those who score highly on AUTHORITARIANISM tend to describe their childhood as being dominated by stern harsh fathers who insisted on absolute obedience.
fr: autoritarisme
autocracy
noun
A system of government by one person with absolute power.
fr: autocratie
censor
verb
Examine a book, film, etc. officially and suppress unacceptable parts of it.
Example: In reality, it is difficult to CENSOR this unregulated global medium.
fr: censurer
censorship
noun
The suppression or prohibition of any parts of books, films, news, etc. that are considered obscene, politically unacceptable, or a threat to security.
Example: The Internet is a web of networks and CENSORSHIP and control of information is difficult.
fr: la censure
circumvent
verb
Find a way around an obstacle.
Example: The Council's power to create soft law provides strong ways to CIRCUMVENT the Commission.
fr: circonvenir
cyber
adjective
Relating to or characteristic of the culture of computers, information technology, and virtual reality.
Example: Its not easy task to find the criminal as from which part in the world that criminal is doing CYBER terrorism.
fr: cyber
democracy
noun
A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.
Example: The prospect for DEMOCRACY in Africa is the central concern of this study.
fr: la démocratie
democratic
adjective
Relating to or supporting democracy or its principles.
Example: This should form the base for a DEMOCRATIC environment that will usher in effectiveness and legitimacy in governance in those states.
fr: démocratique
dissent
noun
The holding or expression of opinions at variance with those commonly or officially held.
Example: The decision to alter policy stimulated internal DISSENT , particularly from the self-proclaimed Left Communists.
fr: contestation
dissident
noun
A person who opposes official policy, especially that of an authoritarian state.
Example: Two factions emerged as DISSIDENT , the so-called 'Democratic Centralists' and the 'Workers' Opposition'.
fr: dissident
encryption
noun
The process of converting information or data into a code, especially to prevent unauthorized access.
Example: For the purposes of this report, it is assumed that the overview analysis revealing the gateway firewall, and the ENCRYPTION of personal data using the signup, login, and purchasing process identified within the components described above, present the complete picture of the security measures in Amazon.co.uk's e-commerce web site.
fr: chiffrement
firewall
noun
A part of a computer system or network which is designed to block unauthorized access while permitting outward communication.
Example: A firewall is an information technology security device which is configured to permit, deny or proxy data connections.
Firewalls can either be hardware or software based.
fr: pare-feu
flame war
noun
A lengthy exchange of angry or abusive messages between users of an online forum or other discussion area.
fr: guerre des flammes
foreign power
noun
Any entity directed, funded, or controlled by a foreign government.
Example: Perhaps the most glaring exclusion in this essay is the role of Japan in the social unrests of the 19 th Century, but it would be convenient to evaluate Japan on the basis of a FOREIGN POWER with imperialistic designs on China.
fr: puissance étrangère
freedom of speech
noun
The power or right to express one's opinions without censorship, restraint, or legal penalty.
Example: In this view, the MST is only one of the groups created in that period, experimenting and testing their FREEDOM OF SPEECH and association.
fr: liberté d'expression
internet
noun
A global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.
Example: This dissertation examines business-to-business procurement via the INTERNET .
fr: l'Internet
national interest
noun
The interest of a nation as a whole held to be an independent entity separate from the interests of subordinate areas or groups and also of other countries.
Example: Each state must pursue its own NATIONAL INTEREST , for short term survival, as Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan rely on water for their cotton, and Kyrgyzstan relies on it for hydroelectric power.
fr: intérêt national
online
adjective
Controlled by or connected to a computer.
Example: ONLINE distance education provides students with a wealth of information.
fr: en ligne
pornography
noun
Printed or visual material containing the explicit description or display of sexual organs or activity, intended to stimulate sexual excitement.
Example: Issues such as PORNOGRAPHY , marriage breakdowns, drugs and youth crime are all seen as having their origins in the 'permissiveness' of the sixties.
fr: pornographie
Public Domain
noun
The state of belonging or being available to the public as a whole, especially through not being subject to copyright or other legal restrictions.
Example: Finally, the INTERNET has played a vital role in Falun Gong's growth and continuation after the crackdown.
fr: l'Internet
repress
verb
Subdue someone or something by force.
Example: It appears to be present at the right time and the right place to REPRESS transcription in germline blastomeres.
fr: réprimer
repression
noun
The action of subduing someone or something by force.
Example: According to such a view, modern institutions compel us to pay a price - increasing REPRESSION - for the benefits they offer.
fr: répression
stifle
verb
Make someone unable to breathe properly, suffocate. Or prevent or constrain an activity or idea.
Example: Patents seem to STIFLE the open source movement, and it is more difficult to see how they would be beneficial to the end user.
fr: étouffer
surveillance
noun
Close observation, especially of a suspected spy or criminal.
Example: Regular endoscopic and ultrasound SURVEILLANCE will also monitor for recurrence and metastases.
fr: surveillance
tracking cookie
noun
Data stored in the user's computer by a website being visited and placed there by "third-party" advertisers to monitor the user's Web surfing habits and are generally considered an invasion of privacy.
Example: You pick up a TRACKING COOKIE on your favorite blog or shopping site. That cookie contains a unique ID that doesn’t identify you personally, but does identify your web browser.
fr: cookie de suivi
troll
verb
In folklore an ugly giant or a dwarf. In Internet slang, a person who upsets people by posting inflammatory and off-topic messages in an online community with the intent of provoking emotional reactions.
fr: troll
world wide web
noun
An information system on the Internet which allows documents to be connected to other documents by hypertext links.
Example: The primary data were collected via a self-administered online questionnaire, using the WORLD WIDE WEB .