My current program is Social science. My field of study is related to society. It is my last session in this program. In social science, you learn several disciplines such as history, politics, philosophy, economics, geography, and sociology. This glossary is for anybody who is curious about what this program is all about. I found all of my definitions from Google's search bar, and for my word translation, they are from Google translate. As for my example, they come from lextutor, and finally, my images are from Wikimedia commons.
artifact
noun
an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest.
Example: A new literacy and cheap newsprint spawned the monster newspapers which were the first cultural artifact of mass society.
en: artéfact
bankruptcy
noun
the state of being completely lacking in a particular quality or value.
Example: A firm increases dividends payout is sending an expensive but credible signal to the market as demonstrating its confidence to obtain higher future cash flow, in such a way that it can sustain the permanently higher dividends without increasing the bankruptcy possibility.
en: faillite
colonization
noun
the action or process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area.
Example: 'Gold, trade and tillage represent the three stages in the history of colonization and the greatest of these, because fundamentally essential to permanence is tillage.'
en: colonisation
community
noun
a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common.
Example: So, he took advantage of the international student community in his department to run the tests.
en: communauté
constitution
noun
a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.
Example: Aristotle tells us in his "Athenian constitution" that the position of general (strategos) was decided annually by election and that a candidate could hold the office of stategos for as many consecutive years as he wished.
en: constitution
currency
noun
a system of money in general use in a particular country.
Example: The Euro is a single currency arrangement that came into operation between 11 members of the EU in January 1999.
On 1 st January 2002, 12 EU members got rid of their own currencies and introduced the Euro as their sole currency: the UK is yet to do this.
If the UK enters the single currency it could have drastic effects.
en: devise
debt
noun
something, typically money, that is owed or due.
Example: The low operating profit may also increase of Wilkinson take the option of 'paying off' Hoopoe's creditors as debt within a company can also prevent a good operating result.
en: dette
dogma
noun
a principle or set of principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true.
Example: The separation of time and space, the development of disembedding mechanisms, the reflexive appropriation of knowledge all contributed to this- these in turn have lead to the breakdown of traditional hierarchies and religious dogma, and (one sixth of the world aside?) the rise of capitalism as a world economic system.
en: dogme
environment
noun
the natural world, as a whole or in a particular geographical area, especially as affected by human activity.
Example: This wave of interest ran into the 1992 'Earth Summit' (United Nations Conference on environment and Development - UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, which signaled the globalization of the environmental agenda.
en: environnement
feminism
noun
the advocacy of women's rights on the basis of the equality of the sexes.
Example: The factors leading employment growth for women are related to the extension of welfare state-led service, improved levels of education and the growth of second-wave feminism.
en: féminisme
flora
noun
the plants of a particular region, habitat, or geological period.
Example: Their data are summarised in Table 7.3, which shows that pasture with a low intensity land - use exhibits characteristics that most closely resemble those of undisturbed forest, i.e. a high above - ground biomass in which most of the nutrient stocks are located and a diverse flora which includes many species found in mature forest.
en: flore
global warming
noun
a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants.
Example: In the past decade or so, global warming has become the most contentious of all international environmental issues.
en: réchauffement climatique
heritage
noun
valued objects and qualities such as cultural traditions, unspoiled countryside, and historic buildings that have been passed down from previous generations.
Example: It compared to those of the ancient Greek city-states or, as Evelyn Welch observes, 'Florence and Venice found their heritage in the Roman Republic'.
en: patrimoine
inequality
noun
difference in size, degree, circumstances, etc.; lack of equality.
"social inequality"
Example: Cultural issues are often relevant and although the caste or religion effect was not that important in the results, it can be seen to work through the continued separation and inequality between men and women in the developing world.
en: inégalité
parliament
noun
(in the UK) the highest legislature, consisting of the sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons.
Example: In May 2004 the Norwegian parliament passed a resolution to considerably increase the number of Minkes hunted each year with up to 1,800 animals hunted per year by 2006.
en: parlement
philosophy
noun
the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline.
Example: Hawthorne's view of life is similar to the philosophy expressed by modern Christian existentialists.
en: philosophie
prime minister
noun
the head of an elected government; the principal minister of a sovereign or state.
Example: In April 1979, on the eve of a British general election as it happened, Bishop Muzorewa's United African Council received more than 60 per cent of the votes in a general election, and the Methodist Bishop became prime minister of "Zimbabwe - Rhodesia", although in the face of the opposition of the Nkomo Mugabe forces.
en: premier ministre
renewable energy
noun
energy from a source that is not depleted when used, such as wind or solar power.
Example: The resultant electricity and hot water produced by the hybrid PV-T collector system helped to reduce the use of non-renewable energy.
en: énergie renouvelable
therapy
noun
the treatment of mental or psychological disorders by psychological means.
Example: After years of unproductive therapy Freud believed that the key to Wolf-Man's condition lay in a dream he had just before he was four.
en: thérapie
unconscious
noun
the part of the mind which is inaccessible to the conscious mind but which affects behavior and emotions.
Example: Freud believed this agitated scene to be an unconscious memory of his parents engaging in sexual intercourse, although Freud also later admitted that the dream could have been generated from witnessing animals copulating.
