This glossary is for all the people that are studying psychology and that needed psychology terms.
abreaction
noun
It is a process where repressed painful experiences or conflicts are brought back into consciousness, leading the individual to recall and relive the emotional situation.
Example: Abreaction is an unconscious reaction that brings back painful memories. In therapy settings, abreaction is not used on its own but might be part of a broader strategy to help people cope with trauma.
en: abréaction
acute stress
noun
A short-term mental health condition that can occur within the first month after experiencing a traumatic event.
Example: In the context of work, acute stress has been defined as a response to an imbalance between the resources available to an individual and the physical, psychological, social and organizational demands.
en: stress aigu
anorexia nervosa
noun
The restriction of nutrient intake relative to requirements, which leads to significantly low body weight.
Example: Patients with this eating disorder will have a fear of gaining weight along and a distorted body image with the inability to comprehend the seriousness of their condition.
en: anorexie mentale
anxiety
noun
A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, typically about an imminent event or something with an uncertain outcome.
Example: It can be an extreme fear of public speaking, meeting new people or eating/drinking in public.
en: anxiété
bipolar disorder
noun
A serious mental illness that causes unusual shifts in mood, ranging from extreme highs (mania or “manic” episodes) to lows (depression or “depressive” episode).
Example: People will experience periods of extremely “up,” elated, irritable, or energized behavior (known as manic episodes) and very “down,” sad, indifferent, or hopeless periods (known as depressive episodes).
en: trouble bipolaire
butterfly effect
noun
A small, consistent habits can produce significant changes in one's well-being.
Example: A seemingly inconsequential events could set off a chain of events with unpredictable consequences.
en: effet papillon
cognitive psychology
noun
The study of internal mental processes—all of the workings inside your brain, including perception, thinking, memory, attention, language, problem-solving, and learning.
Example: Paying attention to something in the environment, learning something new, making decisions, processing language, sensing and perceiving environmental stimuli, solving problems, and using memory.
en: psychologie cognitive
coping
noun
The use of cognitive and behavioral strategies to manage the demands of a situation when these are appraised as taxing or exceeding one's resources or to reduce the negative emotions and conflict caused by stress. See also coping strategy.
Example: Learning how to effectively handle difficult moments in our lives.
en: adaptation
dissociative disorder
noun
A mental health conditions that involve experiencing a loss of connection between thoughts, memories, feelings, surroundings, behavior and identity.
Example: It can be seen as an escape from reality in ways that are not wanted and not healthy.
en: trouble dissociatif
ethnocentrism
noun
The belief that one's own cultural rules are the best and often better than another culture's rules.
Example: When American people think that immigrants are taking jobs from American people and that they should not be taking jobs from Americans.
en: ethnocentrisme
expressive language disorder
noun
It is a problem with communication. It makes it hard for people to share their thoughts or ideas, or show they understand what others are saying.
Example: People with this language disorder understand what others are saying. But they have a hard time expressing their own ideas when they speak.
en: trouble du langage expressif
halo effect
noun
The tendency for an impression created in one area to influence opinion in another area.
Example: A common halo effect example is attractiveness, and the tendency to assign positive qualities to an attractive person.
en: effet de halo
hypermnesia
noun
An extreme retentiveness of memory, excessive memory activity, or unusual clarity of memory images.
Example: For example, they are able to remember the precise date of a plane crash or a political decision, without the slightest effort.
en: hypermnésie
intrapsychic conflict
noun
The clash of opposing forces within the psyche, such as conflicting drives, wishes, or agencies.
Example: For example, feeling both love and anger towards a partner can create a sense of inner conflict that can be difficult to deal with.
en: conflit intrapsychique
neurosis
noun
A mental and emotional disorder that affects only part of the personality, is accompanied by a less distorted perception of reality.
Example: A common behavior is that someone will worry about finishing a big project at work on time.
en: névrose
neurotic
adjective
Having, caused by, or relating to neurosis.
Example: Someone who is often self-critical and experiences more negative emotions that others.
en: névrotique
prosopagnosia
noun
A neurological condition characterized by the inability to recognize the faces of familiar people.
Example: People with prosopagnosia may see a good friend while at the store. The friend may seem to know you, but you might not be able to identify who they are right away.
en: prosopagnosie
pygmalion effect
noun
A situation where high expectations lead to improved performance and low expectations lead to worsened performance.
Example: When a leader, authority figure, or role model believes in someone's ability to succeed, that person is more likely to meet those expectations.
en: effet pygmalion
retrograde amnesia
noun
A neurological condition characterized by the inability to recall events, information, or experiences that occurred before the onset of the amnesia.
Example: A person forgetting the events or the days leading up to a serious accident, which caused memory loss.
en: amnésie rétrograde
social identity
noun
A people's self-categorizations in relation to their group memberships.
Example: For example, gender and racial groupings are often ascribed as well as self-claimed.